Dental Pharmacology Summary
Dental Pharmacology. Mobile Phone 01797522136, 01987073965. The study of Drugs and Medicines used for the treatment of dental diseases is called Dental Pharmacology. Dental Pharmacology Includes LSTR, Dental Mummifying Agents, Dentifrices, Abrasive, Antiseptic, Binding agents, Humectants, Soaps/Detergents, Flavoring agents, etc.
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Elaborately discussing Dental Pharmacology is available in some dental courses like Dental Training Coure, Diploma Dental Assistant, Diploma in Dental Technology, and Diploma in Dental. All these dental Courses are available at HRTD Medical Institute.
What is LSTR in Dental Pharmacology?
LSTR means lesion sterilization and tissue repair. LSTR treatment involves the use of a triple antibiotic mixture in a treatment-suitable vehicle, which is used to disinfect the root canal systems.
LSTR āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻā§āώāϤ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦā§āĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāϏā§āϝ⧠āĻŽā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāϤāĨ¤ āĻāϞāĻāϏāĻāĻŋāĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϏāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϏāĻž-āĻāĻĒāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻĒāϞ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ, āϝāĻž āϰā§āĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϞ āϏāĻŋāϏā§āĻā§āĻŽāĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Write down the composition of LSTR in Dental Pharmacology
a. Metronidazole 500mg
b. Ciprofloxacin 200mg
c. Minocycline 100mg
Vehicle- Propylene Glycol
These antibiotics are taken in the ratio of 1:3:3. Due to tooth discoloration property of minocycline it is replaced by amoxicillin or cefaclor.
[āĻāĻ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋ 1:3:3 āĻ āύā§āĻĒāĻžāϤ⧠āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻŋāύā§āϏāĻžāĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§āĻā§āϏāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϞāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻĢāĻžāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤]
Write down the manipulation of LSTR?
At first commercially available antibiotics are taken. The outer coating of the tablet is removed or for capsule the outer capsular material is removed. Then each of the components is powdered Separately in clean mortar & pestle. Care has to be taken not to wet the powder. The required amount of each antibiotic powder is taken. The powder is divided into seven parts and is part is mixed separately with the solvent to ensure uniform mixing. The final preparation will be a soft ball-like structure of 1mm diameter.
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Indication of LSTR in Dental Pharmacology
a. In endodontic treatment where minimum instrumentation is required.
b. To sterilize accessory canals which is unable to reach.
c. Abnormally curved canal where instrumentation is not possible.
d. To treat deciduous teeth endodontically to avoid unnecessary extraction and use of space maintainer.
e. Can be used for non-vital primary teeth to avoid systemic antibiotics to the children.
f. Uncooperative patient.
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Contraindication of LSTR?
a. Used not be used in case of known allergy of these agents.
b. Radiographic evidence of excessive root resorption
c. Perforated pulpal floor
d. LSTR is not recommended in children with infective endocarditis
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āĻ. āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϤ pulpal āĻŽā§āĻā§
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of LSTR?
Advantage :
a. Can be completed in one visit
b. Simple procedure
c. Time Saving
d. Painless
Disadvantage :
a. Risk of developing cyst if chronic infection persists
b. Root canals can be infused with tissue fluids as the roots are not filled, so there is a chance of reinfection.
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What is dental mummification?
Mummification is the process in which the pulp is numbed to relieve pain during the procedure.
āĻŽāĻŽāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāĻā§āĻļāύ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāϞāĻžāĻāĻžāϞā§āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻļāĻŽā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϏāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ āϏāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
What are mummifying agents in Dental Pharmacology?
Pulp mummifying agents harden and dry the tissues of the pulp and root canals so the tissues are resistant to infections.
Write down the names of some mummifying agents.
a. Cresol
b. Formaldehyde ( due to its severe penetration with irritation it is used in combination with zinc oxide, glycerin or cresol)
c. Paraformaldehyde ( combined with zinc oxide and glycerin)
d. iodoform
e. Tannic acid
āĻĒāĻžāϞā§āĻĒ āĻŽāĻŽāĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āϰā§āĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāύāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāϏā§āϝā§āĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻā§ āĻļāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāϏā§āϝā§āĻā§āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰā§āϧ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŽāĻŽāĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϏā§āϞ āĻ. āĻĢāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻĄāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄ ( āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻž āϏāĻš āĻāϰ āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻ āĻā§āϏāĻžāĻāĻĄ, āĻā§āϞāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āϰā§āϏā§āϞā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŖā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ) āĻ. āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻžāĻĢāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻĄāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄ (āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻ āĻā§āϏāĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āϞāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāύā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ) d āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄā§āĻĢāϰā§āĻŽ e āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄ
Procedure for mummifying the pulp :
a. Isolate the tooth with a rubber dam.
b. Clean and instrument the canals.
c. Moisten a small cotton pellet with formocresol, and remove access fluid with dry cotton.
d. place the cotton pellet in the pulp chamber
e. Close the access cavity with a temporary filling.
f. Recall the patient after 48 hours.
āĻ āϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĄā§āϝāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤāĻāĻŋ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤ āĻ. āĻāĻžāϞ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝāύā§āϤā§āϰ. āĻ. āĻĢāϰā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āϰā§āϏā§āϞ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āϤā§āϞāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϏāĻž āĻā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āĻāύ⧠āϤā§āϞ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϏ āϤāϰāϞ āϏāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻŋāύāĨ¤ d āĻĒāĻžāϞā§āĻĒ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧠āϤā§āϞāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϏāĻž āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ e āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϏ āĻāĻšā§āĻŦāϰ āĻŦāύā§āϧ. āĻ 48 āĻāύā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧠āϰā§āĻā§āĻā§ āϏā§āĻŽāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤
What are dentifrices in Dental Pharmacology?
Agents that are used with toothbrushes or with rubbing for cleaning and polishing accessible tooth surfaces. Dentifrices may be in the form of toothpaste, powder, or gel.
āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻ āϝāĻž āĻā§āĻĨāĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϏāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϞāĻŋāĻļ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāώāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĄā§āύā§āĻāĻŋāĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϏ āĻā§āĻĨāĻĒā§āϏā§āĻ, āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āϞ āĻāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
Components of dentifrices in Dental Pharmacology :
a. Abrasive
b. Antiseptic
c. Binding agent
d. Humectant
e. Soaps/ detergents
f. Flavoring agents
Toothpaste or powder may contain additional ingredients such as obtundents which are used to decrease the pain and Sensitivity associated with exposed sensitive dentine.
āĻ āĻāϰā§āώāĻŖāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ. āĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāϏā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ. āĻŦāύā§āϧāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋ d āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻŽā§āĻā§āĻā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻ e āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻžāύ/āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰāĻā§āύā§āĻ āĻ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻ āĻā§āĻĨāĻĒā§āϏā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĄā§āύā§āĻāϏ āϝāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻļā§āϞāϤāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāύā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤ āϏāĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻļā§āϞ āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϤāĨ¤
What is an abrasive?
Fine preparations are used to help the rubbing action mechanically by grinding, rubbing, or scrapping. They are usually powders. They remove food particles and stains from the tooth and polish the surface.
āϏā§āĻā§āώā§āĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āϝāĻžāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāώāĻž, āĻāώāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻā§āϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĒ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻāώāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻā§āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŖāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĒāϏāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāĻļ.
Uses of abrasives :
a. Polishing the teeth surfaces
b. Cleaning the teeth
c. As constituents of powder or paste.
āĻāϰā§āώāĻŖāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ: āĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻŽāϏā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻ. āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻ. āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϏā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§āĨ¤
Dental desensitizing agents in Dental Pharmacology:
Dentine hypersensitivity is a common problem. Pain is evoked by mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli. For example, eating hot or cold food, sweet or sour, or during tooth brushing. Hypersensitivity occurs due to loss of enamel or exposure to the root surface. The root surface gets exposed due to gum recession in old age, incorrect tooth brushing technique, or chronic periodontal disease.
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Name of some desensitizing agents :
a. Calcium hydroxide
b. Strontium fluoride
c. Calcium phosphate
d. Calcium chloride
e. Zinc chloride
f. Formaldehyde
Some physical methods for blocking open dentinal tubules :
Glass-ionomer, composite, fluoride varnishes, adhesive resin.
āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻļā§āϞ āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ: āĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āϰāĻā§āϏāĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻ. āϏā§āĻā§āϰāύā§āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĢā§āϞā§āϰāĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻ. āĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĢāϏāĻĢā§āĻ d āĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻā§āϞā§āϰāĻžāĻāĻĄ e āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āϞā§āϰāĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻ āĻĢāϰāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻĄāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻā§āϞāĻž āĻĄā§āύā§āĻāĻŋāύāĻžāϞ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦā§āϞ āĻŦā§āϞāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻļāĻžāϰā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ: āĻā§āϞāĻžāϏ-āĻāϝāĻŧāύā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ, āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻāĻŋāĻ, āĻĢā§āϞā§āϰāĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āύāĻŋāĻļ, āĻāĻ āĻžāϞ⧠āϰāĻāύāĨ¤
Bleaching agents :
Bleaching is a process of removing discoloration of teeth by application of drugs. These agents are used for removing pigmentation of teeth.
Example :
Hydrogen peroxide, sodium thiosulfate, hypochlorite, ultraviolet rays
Factors producing discoloration or staining of teeth :
a. Tobacco
b. Iron salts
c. Molds/fungi
d. Infiltration be decomposition of pulp
e. Systemic administration of tetracycline
āĻŦā§āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϞ āĻāώā§āϧ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āĻļāύ āĻ āĻĒāϏāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ: āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āϰā§āĻā§āύ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻā§āϏāĻžāĻāĻĄ, āϏā§āĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϏāĻžāϞāĻĢā§āĻ, āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĒā§āĻā§āϞā§āϰāĻžāĻāĻ, āĻ āϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻā§āύāĻŋ āϰāĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻžāĻ āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻā§āϞāĻŋ: āĻ āϤāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻ. āϞā§āĻšāĻžāϰ āϞāĻŦāĻŖ āĻ. āĻāĻžāĻāĻ/āĻāϤā§āϰāĻžāĻ d āĻ āύā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļ āϏāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻāύ āĻšāϤ⧠e āĻā§āĻā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻžāĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ
Mouth wash :
Mouthwash is an equal solution containing one or more active ingredients, used for topical action on the mouth, throat, and pharynx
āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§, āϝāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ, āĻāϞāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϞāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āϏāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĒā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
Types :
a. Antiseptic mouthwash
b. Astringent mouthwash
c. Obtundent mouthwash
e. Flavoring agents
Antiseptic mouthwash :
Condy’s lotion, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine
āĻ āĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāϏā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļ āĻ. āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋāύāĻā§āύā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļ āĻ. āĻ āĻŦāĻžāϧ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļ e āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻ āĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāϏā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļ: āĻāύā§āĻĄāĻŋāϰ āϞā§āĻļāύ, āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āϰā§āĻā§āύ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻā§āϏāĻžāĻāĻĄ, āĻĒā§āĻāĻŋāĻĄā§āύ-āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻĄāĻŋāύ
Astringent mouthwash :
These substances precipitate superficial proteins and form a protective layer, which protects the ulcer from external irritation and helps healing
āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āϏā§āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻĢāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻāĻŋāύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āϏā§āϤāϰ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰā§, āϝāĻž āĻāϞāϏāĻžāϰāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϝāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϰāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻāϰā§
Uses :
āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāϏāĻŽā§āĻš
a. Bacterial stomatitis
b. Gingivitis / ulcerative gingivitis
c. Aphthous ulcer
d. Dental caries
smoothening mouthwash :
Menthol, peppermint
āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āϏā§āĻā§āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāϏ āĻ. āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāϏ/ āĻāϞāϏāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāϏ āĻ. āĻāĻĢāĻĨāĻžāϏ āĻāϞāϏāĻžāϰ d āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āώāϝāĻŧāϰā§āĻ āĻŽāϏā§āĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļ: āĻŽā§āύā§āĻĨāϞ, āĻĒāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŽāĻŋāύā§āĻ
Uses of mouthwash :
a. Post-operative treatment, for prevention of infection
b. In the management of halitosis
c. Soreness under denture
e. Sensitive oral lesion
āĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž, āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰā§āϧā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻ. āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻā§āϏāĻŋāϏ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ. āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž e āϏāĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻļā§āϞ āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āώāϤ
Local hemostatic :
Agents used to arrest bleeding or control the oozing of blood from the vessel
Tooth extraction / dental procedure may lead to disruption of arterioles. The bleeding occurs from too small blood vessels which cannot be repaired surgically or sutured. Hence local hemostatic plays an important role in such cases.
a. Tannic acid in 20% glycerin- used as a solution in bleeding gums.
b. Adrenaline- used as sterile cotton gauze-tooth socket
c. Oxidized cellulose- sterile absorbable knitted fabrics prepared by controlled oxidation of regenerated cellulose. Used as a surface hemostatic.
āĻāĻā§āύā§āĻāϰāĻž āϰāĻā§āϤāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϰāĻā§āϤ ââāύāĻŋāĻāϏāϰāĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤ āύāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāĻļāύ / āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āϧāĻŽāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāϤ āĻāĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϰāĻā§āϤāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻā§āĻ āϰāĻā§āϤāύāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻž āĻ āϏā§āϤā§āϰā§āĻĒāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻŽā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āϞāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻšā§āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻ 20% āĻā§āϞāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāύ⧠āĻā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄ- āĻŽāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϰ āϰāĻā§āϤāĻā§āώāϰāĻŖā§ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ. āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻĄā§āϰā§āύāĻžāϞāĻŋāύ- āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤ āϤā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻ-āĻĻāĻžāĻāϤ āϏāĻā§āĻ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ. āĻ āĻā§āϏāĻŋāĻĄāĻžāĻāĻāĻĄ āϏā§āϞā§āϞā§āĻ- āĻĒā§āύāϰā§āϤā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āϏā§āϞā§āϞā§āĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ āĻā§āϏāĻŋāĻĄā§āĻļāύ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤ āĻļā§āώāĻŖāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻŦā§āύāĻž āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ hemostatic āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ.
Drugs for xerostomia :
Dry mouth or xerostomia refers to a condition in which the salivary glands in your mouth don’t make enough saliva to keep the mouth wet.
Symptoms :
a. Sticky, dry, or burning feeling in the mouth
b. Trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting, or speaking
c. Altered taste or intolerance for spicy, salty, or sour foods
d. Dry or sore throat
āĻļā§āώā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āϰā§āϏā§āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϰ āϞāĻžāϞāĻž āĻā§āϰāύā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻž āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āϞāĻžāϞāĻž āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖ : āĻ āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻžāϞā§, āĻļā§āώā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāϞāύā§āϤ āĻ āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ. āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāύā§, āĻāĻŋāϞāϤā§, āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āĻ. āĻŽāĻļāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ, āύā§āύāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āϏāĻšāĻŋāώā§āĻŖā§āϤāĻž d āĻļā§āĻāύ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž
Causes of xerostomia :
a. Sjogren’s syndrome ( autoimmune disease occurs in postmenopausal women)
b. Medications (diuretics, beta blockers, antihistamines)
c. Radiation therapy
d. Aging
e. Stress and anxiety
f. Smoking
g. Diabetes
h. Oral thrush
āĻ Sjogren's syndrome ( postmenopausal āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻāύ āϰā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ) āĻ. āĻāώā§āϧ (āĻŽā§āϤā§āϰāĻŦāϰā§āϧāĻ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻŦā§āϞāĻāĻžāϰ, āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāύ) āĻ. āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϰāĻŖ āĻĨā§āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϰ d āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϧāĻā§āϝ e āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻ āϧā§āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāύ g āĻĄāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϏ āĻ. āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻĒāĻā§āώā§
Treatment :
a. Drugs to stimulate saliva production such as pilocarpine
b. Sip water frequently
c. Sugarless candy, lozenges or gums
d. Avoid caffeine and alcohol
e. Alcohol-free mouthwash
f. Saliva substitutes
āĻ āϞāĻžāϞāĻž āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύāĻā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāώā§āϧ āϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϞā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻĒāĻžāĻāύ āĻ. āĻāύ āĻāύ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻ. āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻŽāĻŋāĻāϰāĻŋ, āϞāĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ d āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻĢā§āĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻā§āĻšāϞ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϞā§āύ e āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻā§āĻšāϞ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļ āĻ āϞāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒ