Dental Pharmacology Summary
Dental Pharmacology. Mobile Phone 01797522136, 01987073965. The study of Drugs and Medicines used for the treatment of dental diseases is called Dental Pharmacology. Dental Pharmacology Includes LSTR, Dental Mummifying Agents, Dentifrices, Abrasive, Antiseptic, Binding agents, Humectants, Soaps/Detergents, Flavoring agents, etc.
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Elaborately discussing Dental Pharmacology is available in some dental courses like Dental Training Coure, Diploma Dental Assistant, Diploma in Dental Technology, and Diploma in Dental. All these dental Courses are available at HRTD Medical Institute.
What is LSTR in Dental Pharmacology?
LSTR means lesion sterilization and tissue repair. LSTR treatment involves the use of a triple antibiotic mixture in a treatment-suitable vehicle, which is used to disinfect the root canal systems.
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Write down the composition of LSTR in Dental Pharmacology
a. Metronidazole 500mg
b. Ciprofloxacin 200mg
c. Minocycline 100mg
Vehicle- Propylene Glycol
These antibiotics are taken in the ratio of 1:3:3. Due to tooth discoloration property of minocycline it is replaced by amoxicillin or cefaclor.
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Write down the manipulation of LSTR?
At first commercially available antibiotics are taken. The outer coating of the tablet is removed or for capsule the outer capsular material is removed. Then each of the components is powdered Separately in clean mortar & pestle. Care has to be taken not to wet the powder. The required amount of each antibiotic powder is taken. The powder is divided into seven parts and is part is mixed separately with the solvent to ensure uniform mixing. The final preparation will be a soft ball-like structure of 1mm diameter.
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Indication of LSTR in Dental Pharmacology
a. In endodontic treatment where minimum instrumentation is required.
b. To sterilize accessory canals which is unable to reach.
c. Abnormally curved canal where instrumentation is not possible.
d. To treat deciduous teeth endodontically to avoid unnecessary extraction and use of space maintainer.
e. Can be used for non-vital primary teeth to avoid systemic antibiotics to the children.
f. Uncooperative patient.
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Contraindication of LSTR?
a. Used not be used in case of known allergy of these agents.
b. Radiographic evidence of excessive root resorption
c. Perforated pulpal floor
d. LSTR is not recommended in children with infective endocarditis
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of LSTR?
Advantage :
a. Can be completed in one visit
b. Simple procedure
c. Time Saving
d. Painless
Disadvantage :
a. Risk of developing cyst if chronic infection persists
b. Root canals can be infused with tissue fluids as the roots are not filled, so there is a chance of reinfection.
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What is dental mummification?
Mummification is the process in which the pulp is numbed to relieve pain during the procedure.
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What are mummifying agents in Dental Pharmacology?
Pulp mummifying agents harden and dry the tissues of the pulp and root canals so the tissues are resistant to infections.
Write down the names of some mummifying agents.
a. Cresol
b. Formaldehyde ( due to its severe penetration with irritation it is used in combination with zinc oxide, glycerin or cresol)
c. Paraformaldehyde ( combined with zinc oxide and glycerin)
d. iodoform
e. Tannic acid
āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻŽāĻŽāĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŽāĻŽāĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛ āĻ. āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĄāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄ ( āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻĄ, āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ) āĻ. āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĄāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄ (āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤) d āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻĄā§āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ e āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻĄ
Procedure for mummifying the pulp :
a. Isolate the tooth with a rubber dam.
b. Clean and instrument the canals.
c. Moisten a small cotton pellet with formocresol, and remove access fluid with dry cotton.
d. place the cotton pellet in the pulp chamber
e. Close the access cavity with a temporary filling.
f. Recall the patient after 48 hours.
āĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĄā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ. āĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°. āĻ. āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤ d āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨ e āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻšā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§. āĻ 48 āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
What are dentifrices in Dental Pharmacology?
Agents that are used with toothbrushes or with rubbing for cleaning and polishing accessible tooth surfaces. Dentifrices may be in the form of toothpaste, powder, or gel.
āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¯āĻž āĻā§āĻĨāĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĄā§āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻā§āĻĨāĻĒā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ, āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
Components of dentifrices in Dental Pharmacology :
a. Abrasive
b. Antiseptic
c. Binding agent
d. Humectant
e. Soaps/ detergents
f. Flavoring agents
Toothpaste or powder may contain additional ingredients such as obtundents which are used to decrease the pain and Sensitivity associated with exposed sensitive dentine.
āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ. āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ. āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ§āĻŋ d āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻŽā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ e āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ¨/āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻĨāĻĒā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĄā§āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻ¸ āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¨āĻļā§āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¨āĻļā§āĻ˛ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĨ¤
What is an abrasive?
Fine preparations are used to help the rubbing action mechanically by grinding, rubbing, or scrapping. They are usually powders. They remove food particles and stains from the tooth and polish the surface.
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Uses of abrasives :
a. Polishing the teeth surfaces
b. Cleaning the teeth
c. As constituents of powder or paste.
āĻāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°: āĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻŖāĻ¤āĻž āĻ. āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ. āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§āĨ¤
Dental desensitizing agents in Dental Pharmacology:
Dentine hypersensitivity is a common problem. Pain is evoked by mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli. For example, eating hot or cold food, sweet or sour, or during tooth brushing. Hypersensitivity occurs due to loss of enamel or exposure to the root surface. The root surface gets exposed due to gum recession in old age, incorrect tooth brushing technique, or chronic periodontal disease.
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Name of some desensitizing agents :
a. Calcium hydroxide
b. Strontium fluoride
c. Calcium phosphate
d. Calcium chloride
e. Zinc chloride
f. Formaldehyde
Some physical methods for blocking open dentinal tubules :
Glass-ionomer, composite, fluoride varnishes, adhesive resin.
āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¨āĻļā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ: āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻ. āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻ. āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĢāĻ¸āĻĢā§āĻ d āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻĄ e āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĄāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻĄā§āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦā§āĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻļāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ: āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸-āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻāĻŋāĻ, āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļ, āĻāĻ āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻ°āĻāĻ¨āĨ¤
Bleaching agents :
Bleaching is a process of removing discoloration of teeth by application of drugs. These agents are used for removing pigmentation of teeth.
Example :
Hydrogen peroxide, sodium thiosulfate, hypochlorite, ultraviolet rays
Factors producing discoloration or staining of teeth :
a. Tobacco
b. Iron salts
c. Molds/fungi
d. Infiltration be decomposition of pulp
e. Systemic administration of tetracycline
āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻˇā§āĻ§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻŽā§āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ: āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻĄ, āĻ¸ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛āĻĢā§āĻ, āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĒā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ, āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ°āĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻžāĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ: āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻ. āĻ˛ā§āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ˛āĻŦāĻŖ āĻ. āĻāĻžāĻāĻ/āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ d āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ e āĻā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨
Mouth wash :
Mouthwash is an equal solution containing one or more active ingredients, used for topical action on the mouth, throat, and pharynx
āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻļ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻŖ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽā§āĻ, āĻāĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ
Types :
a. Antiseptic mouthwash
b. Astringent mouthwash
c. Obtundent mouthwash
e. Flavoring agents
Antiseptic mouthwash :
Condy’s lotion, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine
āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻļ āĻ. āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻļ āĻ. āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻļ e āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻļ: āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻļāĻ¨, āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻĄ, āĻĒā§āĻāĻŋāĻĄā§āĻ¨-āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¨
Astringent mouthwash :
These substances precipitate superficial proteins and form a protective layer, which protects the ulcer from external irritation and helps healing
āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§
Uses :
āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻš
a. Bacterial stomatitis
b. Gingivitis / ulcerative gingivitis
c. Aphthous ulcer
d. Dental caries
smoothening mouthwash :
Menthol, peppermint
āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ. āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¸/ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ. āĻāĻĢāĻĨāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° d āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻļ: āĻŽā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĨāĻ˛, āĻĒāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ
Uses of mouthwash :
a. Post-operative treatment, for prevention of infection
b. In the management of halitosis
c. Soreness under denture
e. Sensitive oral lesion
āĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻž, āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ. āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ. āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻĨāĻž e āĻ¸āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¨āĻļā§āĻ˛ āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤
Local hemostatic :
Agents used to arrest bleeding or control the oozing of blood from the vessel
Tooth extraction / dental procedure may lead to disruption of arterioles. The bleeding occurs from too small blood vessels which cannot be repaired surgically or sutured. Hence local hemostatic plays an important role in such cases.
a. Tannic acid in 20% glycerin- used as a solution in bleeding gums.
b. Adrenaline- used as sterile cotton gauze-tooth socket
c. Oxidized cellulose- sterile absorbable knitted fabrics prepared by controlled oxidation of regenerated cellulose. Used as a surface hemostatic.
āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ ââāĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻžāĻļāĻ¨ / āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ§āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻā§āĻ āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§ āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ āĻāĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšā§āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ 20% āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ā§ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻĄ- āĻŽāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻˇāĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ. āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĄā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨- āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ-āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ. āĻ āĻā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĄāĻžāĻāĻāĻĄ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ- āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĄā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻļā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻˇā§āĻ hemostatic āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤.
Drugs for xerostomia :
Dry mouth or xerostomia refers to a condition in which the salivary glands in your mouth don’t make enough saliva to keep the mouth wet.
Symptoms :
a. Sticky, dry, or burning feeling in the mouth
b. Trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting, or speaking
c. Altered taste or intolerance for spicy, salty, or sour foods
d. Dry or sore throat
āĻļā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻā§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ : āĻ āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻžāĻ˛ā§, āĻļā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ. āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§, āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§, āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ. āĻŽāĻļāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻ¸āĻšāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŖā§āĻ¤āĻž d āĻļā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ˛āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻĨāĻž
Causes of xerostomia :
a. Sjogren’s syndrome ( autoimmune disease occurs in postmenopausal women)
b. Medications (diuretics, beta blockers, antihistamines)
c. Radiation therapy
d. Aging
e. Stress and anxiety
f. Smoking
g. Diabetes
h. Oral thrush
āĻ Sjogren's syndrome ( postmenopausal āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻ¨ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧ) āĻ. āĻāĻˇā§āĻ§ (āĻŽā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻāĻžāĻ°, āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ¨) āĻ. āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻ° d āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻā§āĻ¯ e āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻ āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ g āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ. āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ āĻĒāĻā§āĻˇā§
Treatment :
a. Drugs to stimulate saliva production such as pilocarpine
b. Sip water frequently
c. Sugarless candy, lozenges or gums
d. Avoid caffeine and alcohol
e. Alcohol-free mouthwash
f. Saliva substitutes
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