6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh. Mobile No. 01987-073965, 01797-522136. 6 Month Pharmacy Course Contains 5 Subjects. Total Exam Marks 500. Weekly Class 3 Hours.

6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh Location

6 Months Pharmacy Course Location in Bangladesh. Mobile No. 01987-073965, 01797-522136. HRTD Medical Institute, Abdul Ali Madbor Mansion, Section-6, Block-Kha, Road-1, Plot-11, Mirpur-10 Golchattar, Metro Rail Piller No. 249, Dhaka-1216.

6 Month Pharmacy Course Fee in Bangladesh

6 Month Pharmacy Course Fee in Bangladesh. Mobile No. 01987-073965, 01797-522136. Admission Fee Tk 10500/-, Monthly Fee Tk 3000/-, Total Couse Fee Tk 30500/-.

6 Month Pharmacy Course Subjects in Bangladesh

6 Month Pharmacy Course Subjects in Bangladesh. Mobile No. 01987-073965, 01797-522136. Human Anatomy & Physiology, Pharmacology-1, First Aid & Anti Microbial Drugs, Study of OTC Drugs, Pharmacology-2.

Practical Works (Instrumental) in 6 Month Pharmacy Course

Practical Works ( Instrumental) in 6 Month Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh. Mobile No. 01987-073965, 01797-522136. Blood Pressure Measurement, Heart Beat and Heart Rate Measurement, Pulse Measurement, Inhaler, Rotahaler, Nebulizer, IM Injection, IV Injection, SC Injection, Saline Infusion, cannula, Saturated Oxygen Measurement. If you want to complete 6 Month Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh from HRTD Medical Institute please contact with us.

Practical Works (Drugs Show) in 6 Month Pharmacy Course

Practical Works ( Drugs Show) in 6 Month Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh. Anti Ulcer Drugs Show, Pain Killer Drugs Show, Anti vomiting Drug Show, BP-USP-INN Show, Antibiotic Drugs Show, Anti Fungal Drug Show, Anti Protozoa Drug Show, Anti Helminth Drugs Show, Cardiovascular Drug Show, Anti Diabetic Drug Show, 10 Points of Drug Knowledge Show, Motility Drugs & Anti Motility Drugs Show, Laxative Drugs Show.

Some Subject for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Pharmacy Course subjects. Mobile No. 01987073965, 01797522136.

1. Human Anatomy & Physiology-1
2. Pharmacology-1
3. Study of OTC Drugs
4. First Aid-1 & 2
5. Antimicrobial Drugs
6. Pharmacology-2

Teachers For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

1. Dr. Md. Sakulur Rahman, MBBS, CCD (BIRDEM), Course Director
2. Dr. Sanjana Binte Ahmed, BDS, MPH, Assistant Course Director
3. Dr. Tisha, MBBS, PGT Gyne, Assistant Course Director
4. Dr. Suhana, MBBS, PGT Medicine
5. Dr. Danial Hoque, MBBS, C-Card
6. Dr. Tisha, MBBS
7. Dr. Afrin Jahan, MBBS, PGT Medicine
8. Dr. Ananna, MBBS
9. Dr. Lamia Afroze, MBBS
10. Dr. Amena Afroze Anu, MBBS, PGT Gyne, Assistant Course Director
11. Dr. Farhana Antara, MBBS,
12. Dr. Nazmun Nahar Juthi, BDS, PGT
13. Dr. Farhana Sharna, MBBS
14. Dr. Bushra, MBBS
15. Dr. Turzo, MBBS
16. Dr. Kamrunnahar Keya, BDS, PGT (Dhaka Dental College)
17. Dr. Shamima, MBBS, PGT Gyne
18. Dr. Alamin, MBBS
19. Dr. Benzir Belal, MBBS
20. Dr. Disha, MBBS
21. Dr. Mahinul Islam, MBBS
22. Dr. Tisha, MBBS, PGT Medicine
23. Dr. Anika, MBBS, PGT
24. Dr. Jannatul Ferdous, MBBS, PGT Gyne
25. Dr. Jannatul Aman, MBBS, PGT
26. Dr. Rayhan, BPT
27. Dr. Abu Hurayra, BPT
28. Dr. Sharmin Ankhi, MBBS, PGT Medicine
29. Md. Monir Hossain, B Pharm, M Pharm
30. Md. Monirul Islam, B Pharm, M Pharm
31. Md. Feroj Ahmed, BSc Pathology, PDT Medicine

Human Anatomy & Physiology For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Important topics in Human Anatomy & Physiology include the study of body systems (like the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, nervous, integumentary, and reproductive systems) and their functions. Specific areas to focus on include the structure and function of cells and tissues, homeostasis, and the principles of anatomy and physiology. Understanding the relationship between structure and function is crucial in this field. 

Specific Systems:

• Skeletal System: Bones, cartilage, and joints; their roles in support, protection, and movement.
• Muscular System: Muscles and their functions in movement.
• Circulatory System: The heart, blood vessels, and blood; responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones.
• Respiratory System: Lungs and airways; facilitates gas exchange.
• Digestive System: Mouth, stomach, intestines, etc.; breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
• Urinary System: Kidneys, bladder, etc.; removes waste from the blood and regulates fluid balance.
• Endocrine System: Glands that produce hormones; regulates various bodily functions.
• Nervous System: Brain, spinal cord, nerves; controls and coordinates body functions.
• Integumentary System: Skin, hair, nails; provides a protective barrier.
• Reproductive System: Organs involved in reproduction. 

Pharmacology For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Important topics in Pharmacology For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh include: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, autonomic nervous system, drugs affecting the cardiovascular system, anti-infectives, and chemotherapy. Other key areas include general pharmacology (drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, drug interactions, and adverse drug reactions), and specific drug classes like those used in the treatment of autonomic nervous system disorders, respiratory, endocrine, and gastrointestinal conditions. 

General Pharmacology:

Pharmacokinetics:

This encompasses the study of how drugs move through the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion). Important aspects include bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, plasma protein binding, and factors affecting drug distribution. Understanding first-order and zero-order kinetics is also crucial. 

Pharmacodynamics:

This focuses on how drugs interact with the body at a cellular and molecular level, including drug-receptor interactions, dose-response relationships, and mechanisms of drug action. Key concepts include receptor types (e.g., G protein-coupled receptors), drug antagonism (competitive and non-competitive), and drug resistance. 

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs):

Understanding the types of ADRs, their mechanisms, and how to manage them is essential. 

Drug Interactions:

Knowing how drugs can interact with each other (e.g., through enzyme induction or inhibition) and affect their efficacy and toxicity is vital. 

Pharmacogenetics/Pharmacogenomics:

This field explores how genetic variations influence drug response. 

Specific Systems and Disease States:

• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): A comprehensive understanding of the ANS is crucial, including cholinergic and adrenergic drugs, anticholinergic agents, and their clinical uses. This includes specific drugs like those used in glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, and motion sickness. 
• Cardiovascular System: Important topics include antihypertensive drugs, drugs for angina and myocardial infarction, antiarrhythmics, and drugs used in heart failure. 
• Anti-infectives: Focus on antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic drugs, including chemotherapy for tuberculosis, leprosy, and malaria. 
• Chemotherapy: Understanding the mechanisms of action and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment is important. 
• Respiratory System: Includes drugs for asthma, COPD, and other respiratory conditions. 
• Endocrine System: Important topics include diabetes (oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin), thyroid disorders, and hormonal contraceptives. 
• Gastrointestinal System: Drugs used in peptic ulcer disease, GERD, and for managing diarrhea and constipation. 
• Musculoskeletal System: Includes drugs for arthritis (NSAIDs, DMARDs), gout, and osteoporosis. 
• CNS: Includes drugs for epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, anxiety, depression, and psychosis. 
• Local Anesthetics and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Understanding their mechanisms, uses, and adverse effects. 

Study of OTC Drugs For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Studying over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is important due to their widespread use, potential for misuse, and the need for responsible self-care practices. Key areas of focus include understanding drug interactions, recognizing potential side effects, and ensuring proper dosage and administration, especially for vulnerable populations. 

Here’s a breakdown of important topics:

1. Responsible Use and Self-Medication:

Understanding OTC medications:

Knowing the difference between OTC and prescription drugs, and understanding that OTCs are not completely risk-free, is crucial. 

Self-diagnosis:

Consumers need to be aware of when self-treating with OTCs is appropriate and when to seek professional medical advice. 

Proper dosage and administration:

Clear labeling, understanding dosage instructions, and recognizing potential interactions with other medications or conditions are essential.

First Aid for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Main first aid topics include life support skills like CPR and using an AED, managing emergencies such as bleeding, choking, and burns, and treating injuries from fractures to head trauma. Other key areas are environmental emergencies like heat and cold-related conditions, medical emergencies like heart attacks, and managing medical conditions such as anaphylaxis and diabetes. 

Life support

• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
• Managing choking through techniques like back blows and abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
• Recognizing and treating shock
• Assessing and managing an unconscious casualty 

Medical emergencies 

• Heart attacks
• Strokes (recognizing the signs)
• Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reactions)
• Asthma emergencies
• Diabetic emergencies
• Poisoning 

Injury and trauma 

• Controlling severe bleeding and managing wounds
• Burns (including thermal, chemical, and electrical)
• Fractures, sprains, and dislocations
• Head, face, and spinal injuries
• Eye injuries 

Environmental and other issues

• Bites and stings (from insects, animals, sea creatures)
• Heat- and cold-induced conditions (heat stroke, hypothermia)
• Swallowed objects or substances
• Infection control during first aid 

Incident management and principles

• DRSABCD action plan: Danger, Response, Send for help, Airways, Breathing, CPR, Defibrillation
• Assessing the scene and monitoring the victim
• Calling emergency services and managing the response
• Principles of first aid: Preserve life, prevent deterioration, promote recovery 

Antimicrobial Drugs for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Main topics for a subject on antimicrobial drugs include mechanisms of action, characteristics (like spectrum and side effects), resistance to antimicrobial drugs, and specific classes of antimicrobial agents, such as antibacterials, antifungals, and antivirals. Other important topics are antimicrobial stewardship and how to approach antimicrobial therapy in patients, considering factors like allergies, organ function, and the specific infection. 

Main topics

• Mechanisms of Action: How different antimicrobial drugs work to kill or inhibit microbes, including inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, or metabolic pathways.
• Characteristics of Antimicrobial Drugs: Key properties of these drugs, such as their spectrum of activity (e.g., broad-spectrum vs. narrow-spectrum), and how to determine their efficacy and monitor for side effects.
• Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): The development of resistance in microorganisms, including the mechanisms of resistance, multiple drug resistance, and strategies for preventing it.
• Specific Antimicrobial Agents: The different types of drugs, categorized by the pathogens they target.
  • Antibacterial Agents: Drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria, such as penicillin and tetracyclines.
  • Antifungal Agents: Drugs that target fungi and yeasts.
  • Antiviral Agents: Drugs used to treat viral infections.
  • Antiprotozoan and Antihelminthic Agents: Drugs that target protozoa and parasitic worms, respectively.
• Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS): Principles and practices for the responsible use of antimicrobials in healthcare and agriculture to prevent resistance and ensure the availability of effective treatments for the future.
• Approach to Antimicrobial Therapy: The clinical process for selecting and using antimicrobial drugs, which involves evaluating patient-specific factors like age, allergies, kidney and liver function, immune status, and recent antibiotic use.
• Classification and Administration: Methods for categorizing antimicrobial drugs and the different ways they are administered (e.g., orally, intravenously, topically).
• Role of Other Agents: The distinct but related roles of other agents, such as antiseptics (applied to skin) and disinfectants (for non-living surfaces). 

Pharmacology-2 for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Pharmacology-2 main topics include the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system drugs, central nervous system drugs, anti-infective agents, and endocrine drugs. It builds on general pharmacology by focusing on specific drug classes, their mechanisms, and uses, covering areas like anti-hypertensives, anesthetics, sedatives, antibiotics, and hormones. 

Core areas of study

• Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergics, anticholinergics, adrenergics, and adrenergic blockers, including drugs for glaucoma and motion sickness.
• Cardiovascular System: Anti-hypertensive drugs, diuretics, drugs for angina, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and hyperlipidemia.
• Central Nervous System: General and local anesthetics, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, anti-epileptics, and drugs for Parkinson’s disease.
• Anti-infective Agents: Antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, etc.), antifungals, antivirals, and drugs for chemotherapy of infections like malaria, tuberculosis, and cancer.
• Endocrine Drugs: Hormonal medications, including antidiabetics, thyroid drugs, and oral contraceptives.
• Other important topics: Autacoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), drugs used for gout, and drugs affecting the gastrointestinal (GIT) system. 

Practicle Class For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Practical classes at HRTD Medical Institute focus on hands-on instrumental and clinical skills required for working in pharmacies and basic healthcare settings. 

Core Practical Skills Covered

The institute offers specific instrumental training as part of its pharmacy courses, which includes: 

• Vital Signs Measurement: Learning to measure blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse.
• Respiratory Care: Practical instruction on using inhalers, rotahalers, and nebulizers, as well as saturated oxygen measurement.
• Injectables and Infusions: Training for Intramuscular (IM), Intravenous (IV), and Subcutaneous (SC) injections, along with saline infusion and cannula insertion.
• Dispensing Skills: Training in correctly filling prescriptions, drug handling, and providing healthcare advice.
• First Aid: Basic and intermediate life-saving skills, including CPR, managing bleeding, burns, and fractures. 

Course Structures

Practical training is integrated into several pharmacy programs: 

• 6-Month Courses: Often referred to as “C Grade Pharmacist” or “Pharmacy Technician” courses, these focus heavily on foundational practical work and preparation for the Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh exam. 

Practical Class on Heartbeat For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

A heartbeat is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart, driven by electrical signals, pumping blood through the body; it involves phases like diastole (relaxation/filling) and systole (contraction/pumping) and is measured as beats per minute (BPM), with 60-100 BPM being a normal resting range for adults, though it varies with activity. The electrical impulse originates at the sinoatrial (SA) node, travels through the atria, and then to the ventricles, causing them to contract and pump oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 

How it works (The Cardiac Cycle)

1. Diastole (Relaxation): The heart’s chambers relax, and blood flows from the body into the right atrium and from the lungs into the left atrium, then into the ventricles.
2. Atrial Systole: The atria contract, pushing remaining blood into the ventricles.
3. Ventricular Systole: The ventricles contract forcefully, pushing blood out: the right side sends it to the lungs, and the left side pumps it to the rest of the body.
4. Cycle Repeats: The heart then re-enters diastole, refilling with blood. 

Key Terms

• SA Node: The heart’s natural pacemaker, initiating the electrical signal.
• Pulse: The palpable wave of blood flow from the heart’s beat.
• Heart Rate: The number of beats per minute (BPM).
• Tachycardia: A heart rate over 100 BPM at rest.
• Bradycardia: A slow heart rate (not mentioned in snippets, but implied opposite of tachycardia). 

What affects it

• Factors Such as Stress, caffeine, nicotine, exercise, and hormones can increase heart rate.
• Normal Range: 60-100 BPM at rest for most adults, though athletes often have lower rates. 

Practical Class on Heart Rate For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Heart rate is the number of times your heart beats per minute (bpm), with a normal resting rate for adults generally being 60-100 bpm, though it varies with age, fitness, stress, and medications, with athletes often having lower rates. It’s a key health indicator, reflecting heart function; a consistently high rate (tachycardia, >100 bpm at rest) or low rate (bradycardia, <60 bpm at rest, unless fit) can signal issues. You can check it by feeling your pulse at the wrist or with devices, ideally after resting.  

Normal Ranges & Factors

• Adults: 60-100 bpm resting. 
• Athletes: Can be as low as 40 bpm or less. 
• Children: Have higher rates, e.g., 80-120 bpm for ages 3-5. 
• Factors Affecting It: Fitness, emotions, caffeine, alcohol, medications, illness, pregnancy, and sleep quality. 

How to Check Your Heart Rate

1. Rest: Sit quietly for 5-10 minutes. 
2. Locate Pulse: Place index and middle fingers on the thumb side of your wrist. 
3. Count: Count beats for 15 seconds and multiply by 4, or count for a full minute. 
4. Devices: Smartwatches and fitness trackers offer easy monitoring. 

Practical Class on Inhaler & Rotahaler For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

A practical class on inhalers and Rotahalers should focus on ensuring correct administration technique, as proper use is crucial for the medication to reach the lungs effectively. 

The main important topics for a practical class include:

General Inhaler Principles

• Mechanism of Action: Understanding how inhaled medication directly targets the lungs to control conditions like asthma and COPD, and the advantages over systemic therapy.
• Importance of Correct Technique: Highlighting that poor technique is a major cause of poor disease control, and little or no medicine reaches the lungs if used incorrectly.
• Types of Inhalers: Distinguishing between different types, such as metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs, which include the Rotahaler), and soft mist inhalers (SMIs), and when each might be appropriate for different patients.
• Common Errors: Identifying frequent mistakes, such as not exhaling fully before inhalation or not holding one’s breath afterwards.
• Patient Education: Emphasizing the need for healthcare providers to give clear verbal and demonstrated instruction, and observe the patient re-demonstrate the technique at each visit. 

Specific Inhaler Technique Steps

The practical component should cover the step-by-step procedures for each device. 

For Rotahaler (Dry Powder Inhaler)

• Preparation:
  • Unscrew the cover and hold the Rotahaler vertically.
  • Insert the capsule (Rotacap) correctly into the chamber, ensuring the clear end is in the smaller hole.
  • Press the capsule firmly and rotate the base of the device to pierce and open the capsule.
• Inhalation:
  • Breathe out gently and fully, away from the device.
  • Place the mouthpiece in the mouth, sealing lips around it.
  • Breathe in deeply and forcefully to ensure the powder is inhaled into the lungs.
  • Remove the device from the mouth and hold the breath for at least 10 seconds, or as long as comfortable.
• Post-use Care:
  • Check the chamber to confirm the capsule is empty.
  • Discard the empty capsule shell.
  • Discuss the importance of cleaning the Rotahaler and how often (e.g., every two weeks).
  • Crucial Step for Steroids: If the medication is a corticosteroid, rinse or gargle the mouth with plain water and spit it out to prevent oral thrush. 

For Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (pMDI) 

• Preparation:
  • Remove the cap and shake the inhaler well before use.
  • If a spacer is available, attach it, especially for patients who struggle with coordination.
• Inhalation:
  • Breathe out fully, away from the inhaler.
  • Place the mouthpiece in the mouth, or into the spacer.
  • As the patient starts to breathe in slowly and steadily, press down on the canister to release the medication.
  • Continue breathing in, then hold the breath for 5 to 10 seconds.
• Post-use Care:
  • If multiple puffs are needed, wait as advised by the manufacturer/pharmacist before repeating the steps.
  • Clean the MDI regularly (e.g., once a week with warm water).
  • Rinse mouth after use if it contains a steroid. 

Practical Class on Tachycardia For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Tachycardia is a heart rhythm disorder where the heart beats too fast, typically over 100 beats per minute (bpm) at rest in adults, signaling an electrical problem or normal response to stress, exercise, or underlying conditions like fever, anemia, anxiety, or thyroid issues, causing symptoms like palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath, requiring medical evaluation to determine if it’s benign (sinus tachycardia) or a serious arrhythmia needing treatment.  

Types of Tachycardia

• Sinus Tachycardia: A normal response to stress, fever, or exercise, where the sinus node fires too quickly. 
• Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Abnormal signals start above the ventricles, causing sudden, rapid heartbeats, often felt as palpitations. 
• Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): A dangerous rhythm originating in the heart’s lower chambers, potentially life-threatening. 
• Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) & Flutter: Irregular, rapid heartbeats in the upper chambers (atria). 

Common Symptoms

Racing heart or palpitations, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Shortness of breath, and Chest pain or discomfort. 

Common Causes & Triggers

• Lifestyle: Caffeine, alcohol, stimulants, smoking, stress, lack of sleep. 
• Medical Conditions: Fever, anemia, thyroid disease, dehydration, lung disease, sleep apnea, heart disease, and high blood pressure. 
• Electrical Issues: Faulty heart wiring or triggers in the heart’s chambers. 

Practical Class on Bradycardia For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Bradycardia is a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically under 60 beats per minute (bpm) in adults at rest, caused by issues with the heart’s electrical system, certain medications, or underlying conditions like sleep apnea or thyroid problems, leading to symptoms like dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and confusion, though highly fit individuals and athletes may have a normal slow rate. Treatment varies by cause, ranging from lifestyle changes to pacemakers, and involves diagnosing the underlying problem with tools like an EKG.  

What it is

• A heart rate below 60 bpm, meaning the heart isn’t pumping enough oxygen-rich blood to the body. 
• Can be normal for athletes or during sleep, but problematic if it causes symptoms. 

Common types

• Sinus Bradycardia: Slowing of the heart’s natural pacemaker (sinus node).
• Heart Block: Electrical signals from the upper to lower heart chambers are blocked. 

Causes

• Heart Issues: Heart disease, previous heart attacks, sick sinus syndrome.
• Medications: Beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers.
• Medical Conditions: Thyroid problems, electrolyte imbalances, sleep apnea, and inflammation.
• Lifestyle: Intense physical fitness (often normal), aging. 

Symptoms (when problematic)

• Dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting.
• Fatigue, weakness.
• Shortness of breath, chest pain.
• Confusion or memory problems. 

Diagnosis & Treatment

• Diagnosis: Physical exam, EKG, Holter monitor, sleep study, blood tests. 
• Treatment: Addressing the cause (e.g., changing meds, treating sleep apnea) or using a pacemaker for severe cases. 

Practical Class on IM Injection Pushing For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

The process of pushing an intramuscular (IM) injection involves a smooth, steady depression of the plunger after the needle is securely in the muscle, ensuring the medication goes in slowly to minimize discomfort, followed by quickly withdrawing the needle at the same angle and activating the safety device, then applying gentle pressure to the site with gauze. Key steps include site preparation (cleaning, Z-track method), swift 90-degree needle insertion, slow plunger push (counting to three), quick withdrawal, and immediate disposal in a sharps container. 

Pre-Injection Steps (Preparation)

1. Hand Hygiene & Supplies: Wash hands thoroughly and gather medication, syringe, alcohol swabs, gauze, and a sharps container.
2. Site Selection & Prep: Locate the correct muscle (e.g., deltoid, ventrogluteal), clean with an alcohol swab, and let it dry.
3. Z-Track Method (Optional but Recommended): Use your non-dominant hand to pull the skin and tissue to the side to prevent medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue.
4. Syringe Prep: Remove the cap, ensure no large air bubbles, and tap to get a drop of medication at the tip. 

The “Push” (Injection) 

1. Insertion: Hold the syringe like a dart and insert the needle quickly at a 90-degree angle into the muscle.
2. Stabilize: Once in the muscle, use your non-dominant hand to steady the syringe.
3. Depress Plunger: Slowly and steadily push the plunger all the way down, counting to three.
4. Withdrawal: After the fluid is in, hold for a few seconds (around 10 for some meds), then pull the needle straight out at the same 90-degree angle. 

Post-Injection Steps

1. Safety: Immediately activate the needle’s safety shield and dispose of the entire syringe in the sharps container.
2. Site Care: Apply gentle pressure with gauze or a cotton ball (no rubbing) and secure with a bandage if needed.
3. Observe: Monitor the patient for any adverse reactions. 

Process of IV Injection Pushing For 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

The process of IV Injection Pushing (or Bolus) involves a trained healthcare professional manually injecting medication directly into an established IV line using a syringe, following strict steps: verify order, prepare patient, scrub the IV port (clave), flush with saline to check for patency, attach the medication syringe, push the drug at a specific rate (seconds to minutes) while monitoring, and then perform a post-flush to clear the line, ensuring patient safety and proper delivery. 

Key Steps in IV Push Administration

1. Preparation & Verification:
   • Confirm the doctor’s order, patient details, medication rights (right drug, dose, time, route, patient, documentation, reason, response).
   • Gather supplies: saline flush, medication syringe, alcohol wipes, and gloves.
   • Perform hand hygiene and don gloves.
   • Educate the patient about the medication and potential side effects.
2. Priming & Flushing (SASH Method):
   • Saline Flush: Scrub the injection port (clave) with an alcohol wipe for 15-30 seconds, let it air dry, then inject 3-5mL of saline to check for patency (blood return) and clear the line.
3. Medication Administration:
   • Attach Medication: Attach the pre-filled medication syringe (air expelled) to the scrubbed port and twist clockwise to secure.
   • Slow Push: Slowly inject the medication at the prescribed rate (e.g., over 1 minute, 2 minutes). Use a timer for accuracy; break down the volume into smaller intervals for easier pacing (e.g., 0.5mL every 30 seconds for a 1mL/min push).
4. Completion (SASH):
   • Follow-up Flush: After the medication, flush with another 3-5mL of saline at the same rate as the medication push to ensure all the drug enters the bloodstream and clears the tubing, preventing incompatibility with other IV fluids.
   • Secure the port with a new alcohol cap if required by facility policy. 

Important Considerations

• Timing is Crucial: Pushing too fast can cause adverse effects or medication waste; too slow might delay treatment.
• Compatibility: Always check if the medication is compatible with the primary IV fluid running, if any.
• Patient Monitoring: Closely watch the patient for any adverse reactions during and after administration, especially respiratory changes, notes LevelUpRN. 

Practicle Class on Pulse Measurement for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

The most important topics for a practical class on pulse measurement involve understanding the parameters of the pulse (rate, rhythm, and force), the technique of palpation, various pulse points, and factors influencing the reading. 

Key Learning Objectives & Topics

• Anatomy and Physiology:
  • Understand what pulse is (the rhythmic expansion and recoil of an artery as blood is pumped through it) and how it relates to the heartbeat (heart rate).
  • Identify the major arteries used for pulse measurement (e.g., radial, carotid, brachial, femoral, etc.) and their locations.
• Measurement Technique (Palpation):
  • Proper hand hygiene and patient preparation (consent, ensuring the patient is relaxed).
  • Correct finger placement (using index and middle fingers, not the thumb).
  • Applying appropriate pressure to feel the pulse clearly without blocking blood flow.
  • Counting method: Measuring for a full 60 seconds (especially if irregular) or 30 seconds and multiplying by two if regular.
• Parameters of the Pulse:
  • Rate: Normal ranges for different age groups (e.g., 60-100 bpm for healthy adults).
  • Rhythm: Assessing if the beats are regular (even tempo) or irregular (regularly irregular or irregularly irregular).
  • Force/Volume (Strength): Subjectively grading the pulse strength (e.g., weak/thready, normal/strong, bounding) using a scale.
  • Bilateral Equality: Comparing pulses on both sides of the body (e.g., both radial pulses) to check for potential circulatory issues like arterial obstructions.
• Factors and Abnormalities:
  • Discussing factors that can influence pulse rate (physical activity, emotions, age, medications, temperature, health conditions).
  • Recognizing and recording abnormal findings (e.g., tachycardia, bradycardia, weak pulse in shock) and their potential clinical significance.
• Documentation:
  • Accurately recording the pulse rate, rhythm, and strength in patient notes. 

Practical Application

Students should practice finding and assessing pulses at various points, with the radial artery being the most common site for routine checks. The carotid pulse is important for emergency assessment, but students must learn never to palpate both carotid arteries simultaneously to avoid reducing blood flow to the brain. 

Practicle Class on Nebulizer for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

A practical class on nebulizers typically covers both the theoretical knowledge and the hands-on skills needed for safe and effective use. Main important topics are centered around understanding the device, proper administration technique, patient safety, and hygiene protocols. 

Key Topics for a Practical Nebulizer Class

A practical class is likely to cover the following essential topics:

1. Theory and Indications

• Definition and Function: Understanding how a nebulizer converts liquid medication into a fine mist (aerosol) that can be inhaled deep into the lungs.
• Indications for Use: Identifying which respiratory conditions, such as asthma or COPD, require nebulization therapy.
• Types of Nebulizers: Distinguishing between different types (jet, ultrasonic, mesh) and their respective advantages, disadvantages, and appropriate applications.
• Medications: Learning about the various types of medications (e.g., bronchodilators, corticosteroids, mucolytics) that can be administered via nebulizer and their effects. 

2. Procedure and Technique

• Preparation: Assembling the equipment (compressor, tubing, medication cup, mask/mouthpiece) and preparing the correct dose of medication.
• Patient Positioning: Ensuring the patient is in a comfortable, upright position (sitting or semi-Fowler’s) to enable maximum breathing efficiency.
• Administration Steps: A step-by-step guide to delivering the treatment effectively, including using a mouthpiece or mask correctly and encouraging slow, deep breaths through the mouth.
• Monitoring: Observing the patient during treatment for signs of improvement or adverse reactions such as palpitations, tremors, or increased difficulty breathing. 

3. Safety and Maintenance

• Infection Control: Emphasizing stringent hygiene practices, including washing hands before and after treatment, and the importance of using single-use or personal equipment to prevent cross-infection.
• Cleaning and Disinfection: Proper disassembly, cleaning with soapy water, rinsing, and thorough drying of reusable parts after each use to prevent microbial growth.
• Troubleshooting: Identifying and resolving common issues, such as the machine not producing mist or unusual noises.
• Special Considerations: Adjusting the procedure for specific patient populations, such as infants, young children, or unconscious patients who may require a face mask or alternative positioning. 

4. Documentation and Education

• Record Keeping: Accurately documenting the procedure, administered medication, dosage, time, and the patient’s response in their care plan or medical record.
• Patient Teaching: Instructing patients and caregivers on proper home use, maintenance, and when to report symptoms to a physician to ensure compliance and effective long-term management. 

Practicle Class on Saline Infusion for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

A practical class on saline infusion focuses on the core principles and procedures of intravenous fluid administration. Key topics include the indications and contraindications for use, the types of saline solutions, and the essential practical skills for administration and patient monitoring. 

Core Topics for a Practical Class

1. Foundational Knowledge and Principles

• Physiology of Fluid Balance: Understanding how water and electrolytes are distributed and balanced in the body is crucial for safe fluid therapy.
• Types of IV Fluids: Differentiating between isotonic (e.g., 0.9% Normal Saline), hypotonic (e.g., 0.45% Saline), and hypertonic solutions based on their osmolarity and clinical use.
• Indications for Saline Infusion: Common uses for normal saline (0.9% NaCl) include:
  • Extracellular fluid replacement (dehydration, hypovolemia, hemorrhage, sepsis).
  • Treatment of metabolic alkalosis.
  • Mild sodium depletion.
  • Vehicle for diluting and administering compatible medications.
  • Administering blood products.
• Contraindications and Cautions: Identifying conditions where saline infusion should be used with caution or avoided, such as congestive heart failure, severe renal impairment, or conditions involving sodium retention due to the risk of fluid volume overload. 

2. Equipment and Preparation

• Identifying Supplies: Recognizing and preparing all necessary equipment, including IV bags, administration sets (tubing), IV cannula/catheter, tourniquet, antiseptic solution, and sterile gloves.
• Aseptic Technique: Emphasizing the mandatory use of sterile techniques throughout the procedure to prevent infection.
• Preparing the Solution and Tubing:
  • Checking the IV fluid for clarity, expiry date, and any signs of contamination.
  • Spiking the IV bag and priming the tubing to remove all air bubbles and prevent air embolism.
  • Proper labeling of the IV bag and tubing with medication (if added), date, time, and flow rate. 

3. Administration Procedure and Skills

• Patient Preparation: Explaining the procedure to the patient, obtaining consent, and ensuring a comfortable position.
• Venipuncture: Selecting an appropriate vein and inserting the IV cannula correctly.
• Calculating and Regulating Flow Rate: Learning how to manually calculate the drip rate or use an infusion pump to ensure the correct volume is delivered over the specified time.
• Troubleshooting: Addressing potential issues, such as an insufficient flow rate, pain at the injection site, or equipment failure. 

4. Monitoring and Management

• Patient Monitoring: Continuously assessing the patient for signs of adverse reactions or complications, including:
  • Local reactions: Pain, swelling, redness, phlebitis, or extravasation at the injection site.
  • Systemic reactions: Fluid overload (peripheral/pulmonary edema, high blood pressure), electrolyte imbalances (hypernatraemia, hyponatraemia), or systemic infection.
• Documentation: Accurately recording the procedure details, including the type and amount of fluid/medication administered, flow rate, and patient response.
• When to Discontinue: Understanding the criteria for stopping the infusion and when to seek senior medical advice, especially in cases of adverse events. 

Practicle Class on cannula for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

A practical class on intravenous (IV) cannulation should focus on both theoretical knowledge and the hands-on skills required for safe and effective practice. 

Key Theoretical Topics

• Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding the circulatory system, including differentiating between veins and arteries, and identifying suitable peripheral veins for cannulation (e.g., in the forearm, back of the hand).
• Indications and Contraindications: Knowing when IV access is necessary (e.g., for fluid administration, medication, blood transfusions, or drawing blood samples) and when it might be contraindicated (e.g., in an arm with an AV fistula or a history of breast surgery/lymph node removal).
• Cannula Selection: Learning about the different cannula sizes (gauges), their corresponding flow rates, and selecting the appropriate size based on the patient’s needs and vein condition.
• Infection Prevention and Control: Emphasizing the importance of strict aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT) to minimize the risk of infection.
• Potential Complications: Recognizing, preventing, and managing common complications such as hematoma, phlebitis, infiltration/extravasation (fluid leaking into surrounding tissue), and accidental arterial puncture.
• Documentation and Aftercare: Understanding the correct procedures for labeling the cannula site with the date/time of insertion and documenting the procedure in the patient’s records. 

Essential Practical Skills

• Patient Preparation and Consent: Effectively explaining the procedure to the patient, confirming their identity, obtaining informed consent, and ensuring their comfort.
• Equipment Preparation: Assembling all necessary equipment (cannula, tourniquet, antiseptic wipes, dressing, saline flush, gloves, sharps bin) in an organized manner.
• Vein Selection and Preparation:
  • Applying a tourniquet correctly.
  • Identifying and palpating a suitable vein.
  • Cleaning the chosen site with an antiseptic solution and allowing it to air dry.
• Insertion Technique:
  • Stabilizing the vein by applying traction to the skin.
  • Inserting the cannula (bevel up) at a shallow angle.
  • Observing for “flashback” of blood to confirm venous entry.
  • Advancing the cannula into the vein while retracting the needle (stylet) safely into its protective mechanism.
• Securing and Flushing:
  • Releasing the tourniquet.
  • Connecting the bionector/T-piece and flushing the cannula with saline to check for patency and signs of infiltration.
  • Securing the cannula firmly with an appropriate sterile dressing, ensuring the insertion site remains visible for monitoring.
• Removal of Cannula: Learning the correct procedure for safely removing the cannula when it is no longer needed or if complications arise. 

For visual examples of the procedure and equipment, you can refer to online resources and training materials (e.g., TeachMeSurgery, Ausmed). 

Practicle Class on Oxygen Measurement for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

A practical class on oxygen measurement covers different topics depending on whether the focus is on chemistry/environmental science (measuring oxygen in a lab or water) or biomedical/clinical science (measuring oxygen in the body). 

For Biomedical/Clinical Context

The main important topics for a practical class on measuring oxygen in a clinical or physiological setting include:

• Physiology of Oxygen Transport: Understanding how oxygen is absorbed by the lungs and transported in the blood, primarily bound to hemoglobin.
• Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂) and Partial Pressure (PO₂): Defining and distinguishing between oxygen saturation (the percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen) and the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.
• Pulse Oximetry: The core practical skill, covering the principles (spectrophotometry and light absorption differences between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin), proper use of a pulse oximeter, and factors affecting accuracy (e.g., patient movement, nail polish, tissue thickness).
• Blood Gas Analysis (BGA): An invasive but highly accurate method that provides comprehensive information, including arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), pH, and carbon dioxide levels.
• Clinical Significance: Interpreting results, recognizing normal ranges (typically 95-99% SpO₂), identifying hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels), and understanding the need for medical interventions like oxygen therapy.
• Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve: Understanding the relationship between PO₂ and oxygen saturation and how factors like pH and temperature shift this curve. 

For Chemistry/Environmental Science Context

The main important topics for a practical class on measuring oxygen in a laboratory or environmental setting include:

• Chemical Test for Gaseous Oxygen: Performing the standard qualitative test using a glowing splint which relights in the presence of oxygen.
• Preparation of Oxygen: Practical experience with methods for generating oxygen gas, such as the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
• Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Measurement: Learning techniques to measure the amount of oxygen dissolved in water or other liquids, which is crucial for environmental monitoring and aquatic life.
• Winkler Method: A classic titration-based chemical method for precisely measuring dissolved oxygen (see a visual example of the setup).
• DO Meters/Probes: Using electronic meters with probes (e.g., electrochemical or optical sensors) for faster, real-time dissolved oxygen measurements in the field (see a visual example of a device).
• Applications in Industry: Discussing the use of oxygen sensors in industrial settings for combustion control, ensuring inert atmospheres, and monitoring gas purity. 

Location and Schedule for 6 Month Best Pharmacy Course in Bangladesh

Practical classes are held at the HRTD Medical Institute in Mirpur-10, Dhaka. Flexible schedules are available for working professionals, with morning and evening shifts on Fridays, Mondays, and Saturdays. 

How can I get pharmacy certificate in Bangladesh?

Getting a pharmacy certificate in Bangladesh is not an easy process, but it is possible. In order to become a certified pharmacist in Bangladesh, one must first complete a four-year bachelor’s degree in pharmacy from an accredited university. After completing the degree, the student must then pass a two-part national pharmacy examination. If you want to complete our Pharmacy Courses from HRTD Medical Institute please, contact with us.

After successfully passing the pharmacy examination, the student must then complete a two-year internship program. During the internship, the student will be trained in various aspects of pharmacy practice, including dispensing, compounding, and counseling. After completing the internship, the student must then pass the Bangladesh Pharmacy Council’s final examination. If you want to complete our Pharmacy Courses from HRTD Medical Institute please, contact with us.

After successfully passing the examination, the student will receive a certificate of pharmacy. This certificate is valid for three years and must be renewed on a yearly basis. Upon renewal, the student must complete a number of continuing education courses in order to maintain their certification.

In addition to completing their degree, internship, and examination requirements, the student must also have a valid license from the Bangladesh Pharmacy Council. This license must be renewed on a yearly basis and is issued only after successful completion of the national pharmacy examination.

Once the student has successfully completed all of the necessary requirements for becoming a certified pharmacist in Bangladesh, they can then apply for a job in the field. Pharmacists can work in hospitals, pharmacies, pharmaceutical companies, or even in research facilities.

In conclusion, becoming a certified pharmacist in Bangladesh is not an easy process. However, it is possible and with hard work and dedication, it can be done. Once the student has completed their degree, internship, and examination requirements and obtained a valid license from the Bangladesh Pharmacy Council, they can the