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Arthritis & Osteoporosis ( Geriatric Disease)

Arthritis & Osteoporosis (Geriatric Disease)

Arthritis & Osteoporosis (Geriatric Disease). Mobile Phone 01797522136, 01987073965. Arthritis & Osteoporosis are common Geriatric Disease. Geriatric Diseases are those occur in old age. Geriatric Disease are Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Gout, Osteoporosis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Septic Arthritis, Reactive Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Cancer, Chronic Kidney Disease, COPD, Diabetes, etc.

Arthritis Osteoporosis

Arthritis & Osteoporosis are discussed in many courses of HRTD Medical Institute including Caregiving Course, Paramedical Course, Diploma Medical Assistant Course, DMS Course, DPM Course, DMDS Course, PDT Medicine Course, PDT Orthopedic Course, etc. All these courses are always available in HRTD Medical Institute.

What is Arthritis

Ans:- Inflammation of bone joints is called Arthritis. āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϕ⧇ āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϰāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāϏ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤

How many types of Arthritis?

There are more than 100 types of Arthritis. Common Arthritis are Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Gout, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Septic Arthritis, Reactive Arthritis, Shoulder Arthritis, etc. Arthritis can be categorized into groups like degenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and infectious.

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What are the Symptoms of Arthritis?

Symptoms of Arthritis are

Pain

Stiffness

Swelling

Redness

Decreased ranged of motion

What are the causes of Arthritis?

The cause of arthritis depends on the type of arthritis: 

  • OsteoarthritisCaused by the breakdown of cartilage and other tissues in the joint, usually over time. Risk factors include:
    • Aging 
    • Being overweight or obese 
    • History of joint injury or surgery 
    • Overuse from repetitive movements 
    • Family history 
  • Rheumatoid arthritisAn autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. Risk factors include:
    • Being a woman, especially over age 50 
  • GoutCaused by a buildup of crystals in the joints. Risk factors include:
    • Having high uric acid levels for at least several months 
  • Infectious arthritisCaused by a bacterium, virus, or fungus that enters a joint. Risk factors include:
    • Food poisoning or contamination 
    • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 
    • Blood-to-blood infection 
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What is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that causes the breakdown of cartilage and other tissues in a joint over time. āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāϏ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻœā§‡āύāĻžāϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ­ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ āϰ⧋āĻ— āϝāĻž āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡ āϤāϰ⧁āĻŖāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϟāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁ āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ

Osteoarthritis

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an Autoimmune Disease. Immune System attack the synovial membrane. This membrane becomes inflamed and swollen. The disease process can eventually destroy cartilage and bone within the joint. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

What are the risk factors of Arthritis?

Risk factors of arthritis:

Old age

Genetic cause

Previously joint injury

Overweight and Obesity

What are the complications of arthritis?

Arthritis can lead to a number of complications, including:

  • Joint damage-Arthritis can cause cartilage to break down, bones to die, or tendons and ligaments to tear. 
  • Inflammation-In rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, heart, eyes, and blood vessels. 
  • Decreased mobility-Arthritis can cause pain and stiffness that make it difficult to move around, especially for daily activities. 
  • Weight gain-A lack of activity due to arthritis can lead to weight gain, which can worsen arthritis symptoms and increase the risk of other complications. 
  • Psychological health-Arthritis can increase the risk of depression and anxiety due to pain, inflammation, and loneliness. 
  • Sleep problems-Arthritis pain can make it difficult to sleep, which can worsen pain and increase the risk of depression. 
  • Heart disease-Arthritis conditions associated with being overweight can increase the risk of heart disease. 
  • Diabetes-Arthritis conditions associated with being overweight can increase the risk of type-2 diabetes. 
  • Hypertension-Arthritis conditions associated with being overweight can increase the risk of hypertension. 
  • High cholesterol-Arthritis conditions associated with being overweight can increase the risk of high cholesterol. 
  • Lung disease-Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to a chronic lung disease called rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). 
  • Pregnancy complications-Uncontrolled rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.

What are the diagnostic creteria for arthritis?

Diagnostic creteria for arthritis:

Physical examination: Swelling, redness, warmth, and joint movement.

Laboratory Test: Fluid Test (Blood, Urin, and Joint Fluid Test.)

Imaging Test

What are the Laboratory Test for Arthritis?

Blood Test

Urin Test

Joint Fluid Test

What are the Imaging Test for Arthritis?

X- ray

CT scanne ( Computerized Tomography)

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Ultrasound

What are the treatment creteria of Artritis?

Treatment Creteria of Arthritis:

Medication

Physiotherapy

Surgery

What are the Medication Treatment for Arthritis?

NSAIDs– Ibuprofen, Neproxen sodium, etc. Oral, Gel, Injection, and Suppository.

Counterirritants-Menthol or Capsaicin enrished cream and ointment for rubbing on the joint skin.

Steroids- Corticosteroids like Prednisone reduces inflammation and slow joint damage.

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)- These drugs can slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and save the joint and other tissues from permanent damage. These drugs are Methotrexate, Bericitinib, and Tofacitinib.

What are the surgeries for arthritis management?

Joint repair

Joint replacement

Joint fusion

What do you mean by DMARDs?

DMARDs is stand for Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs. These drugs can slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and save the joint and other tissues from permanent damage. These drugs are Methotrexate, Bericitinib, and Tofacitinib.

DMARDs āĻšāϞ āϰ⧋āĻ— āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋ-āϰāĻŋāωāĻŽā§‡āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ—āϏāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϰāĻŋāωāĻŽāĻžāϟāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻĄ āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϰāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻĨāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϟāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁āϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāρāϚāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻšāϞ āĻŽā§‡āĻĨā§‹āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϟ, āĻŦ⧇āϰāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϟāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŸā§‹āĻĢāĻžāϏāĻŋāϟāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤

What are the alternative medicines for arthritis?

Acupuncture

Glucosamine

Chondroitin

Fish oil

Yoga and tai chi

Massage

What do you mean by Osteoporosis?

If bone density decreases and it becomes porous, it is called Osteoporosis.

Bone density āĻ•āĻŽā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ›āĻŋāĻĻā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ Osteoporosis āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĨ¤

What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis?

  • Bone fracturesBones affected by osteoporosis can become fragile and break more easily, even from minor falls or bumps. Fractures can also occur spontaneously or from normal stresses like bending, lifting, or coughing. 
  • Back painCompression fractures in the spine can cause severe pain, especially if the collapsed vertebrae pinch nerves. 
  • Loss of heightCompression fractures in the spine can cause a loss of height of up to 6 inches or 15 centimeters. 
  • Stooped postureA stooped or hunched posture, also known as kyphosis, can develop. 
  • Brittle nailsOsteoporosis can contribute to slow nail growth, which can lead to brittle fingernails. 
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What are the causes of Osteoporosis?

There are many potential causes of osteoporosis, including: 

  • Bone density– A diet low in calcium and vitamin D, or a body mass index (BMI) of 19 or less, can increase the risk of osteoporosis. 
  • Exercise– A lack of exercise or physical activity can increase the risk of osteoporosis. 
  • HormonesLow levels of estrogen can increase the risk of osteoporosis, especially in women who experience early menopause or have had a hysterectomy. 
  • MedicationsLong-term use of certain medications, such as those used to treat breast cancer and prostate cancer, can increase the risk of osteoporosis. 
  • SmokingNicotine in cigarettes slows the production of bone-forming cells and decreases the absorption of calcium. 
  • AlcoholHeavy drinking can compromise bone health and decrease bone density. 
  • Medical conditionsSome medical conditions, such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, kidney or liver disease, cancer, multiple myeloma, and rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of osteoporosis. 
  • Family historyA family history of osteoporosis or hip fracture can increase the risk of osteoporosis. 
  • Other factorsBeing confined to bed for a prolonged illness, having an eating disorder, or malabsorption problems can also increase the risk of osteoporosis. 

What are the risk factors for Osteoporosis?

There are many risk factors for osteoporosis, including:

  • AgeAs you age, your bones become thinner and weaker, and you lose bone faster than you grow new bone. 
  • SexWomen are more likely to develop osteoporosis than men because they have less bone tissue and lose bone faster during menopause. 
  • Body sizeSmall, thin-boned people have a higher risk of osteoporosis. 
  • RaceCaucasian and Asian women have the highest risk of osteoporosis, while African American and Hispanic women have a lower but significant risk. 
  • Family historyIf a parent or sibling has osteoporosis, you are at greater risk, especially if they fractured a hip. 
  • DietIf you don’t get enough calcium in your diet, your body will take calcium from your bones. 
  • SmokingNicotine in cigarettes slows the production of bone-forming cells and decreases the absorption of calcium. 
  • AlcoholDrinking too much alcohol can thin your bones and increase the risk of fractures. 
  • MedicationsSome medications can increase the risk of osteoporosis, including glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, and some antidepressants. 
  • Physical activityLow levels of physical activity can increase the risk of osteoporosis. 
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What are the complications of Osteoporosis?

Complications of osteoporosis can include:

  • Bone fractures: The most serious complication of osteoporosis is a broken bone in the spine or hip. Fractures in the hip are often caused by a fall and can lead to disability and an increased risk of death. Fractures in the spine can occur even without a fall. 
  • Osteoarthritis: Misshapen bones can put more stress on nearby joints, which can lead to osteoarthritis. 
  • Heart failure: A complication of osteoporotic fractures. 
  • Bone cancer: A complication of bone loss. 
  • Pulmonary embolism: Patients with osteoporosis have an increased risk of pulmonary embolism. 
  • Oral health issues: Osteoporosis can decrease the density of the jawbone, making it more difficult to support teeth. This can lead to periodontal disease, a leading cause of tooth loss. 
  • Other medical complications: Other complications of osteoporotic fractures include cardiac diseases, venous thromboembolism, pneumonia, urinary tract complications, and gastrointestinal tract bleeding. 
  • āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āϭ⧇āĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āĻĒā§‹āϰ⧋āϏāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āϤāϰ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻŽā§‡āϰ⧁āĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāϤāĻŽā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤Â āύāĻŋāϤāĻŽā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĢāĻžāϟāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāχ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧁āϰ āĻā§āρāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤Â āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻž āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ“ āĻŽā§‡āϰ⧁āĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻĢā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϚāĻžāϰ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤Â  āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāϏ: āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻĒ⧇āύ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϤ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϚāĻžāĻĒ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϝāĻž āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāϏ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤Â  āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ āĻĢ⧇āχāϞāĻŋāωāϰ: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āĻĒāϰ⧋āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϚāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻžāĨ¤Â  āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻžāϰ: āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ•ā§āώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻžāĨ¤Â  āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŽā§‹āύāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻŦā§‹āϞāĻŋāϜāĻŽ: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āĻĒā§‹āϰ⧋āϏāĻŋāϏ āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŽā§‹āύāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻŦā§‹āϞāĻŋāϜāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻā§āρāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤Â  āĻŽā§ŒāĻ–āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āĻĒā§‹āϰ⧋āϏāĻŋāϏ āĻšā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϘāύāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϝāĻž āĻĻāĻžāρāϤāϕ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧋āϞ⧇āĨ¤Â āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒ⧇āϰāĻŋāĻ“āĻĄāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϞ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϝāĻž āĻĻāĻžāρāϤ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāĨ¤Â  āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻž: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āĻĒā§‹āϰ⧋āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϚāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ• āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϜ, āϭ⧇āύāĻžāϏ āĻĨā§āϰāĻŽā§āĻŦā§‹āχāĻŽā§āĻŦā§‹āϞāĻŋāϜāĻŽ, āύāĻŋāωāĻŽā§‹āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻŽā§‚āĻ¤ā§āϰāύāĻžāϞ⧀āϰ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧋āχāύāĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāύāĻžāϞ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻĒāĻžāϤāĨ¤

What are the prevension of Osteoporosis?

Good nutrition and regular exercise are essential for keeping our bones healthy throughout our life.

Good nutrition: Calcium and Vitamin D

Calcium: Daily Requirement for an adult is 1000 mg to 1200 mg

Sources of Calcium-

Low-fat dairy products

Dark green leafy vegetables

Canned salmon or sardines with bones

Soy products such as tofu

Calcium fortified cereals and orange juice

Supplements ( Calbo-D, Ostocal-D, Sandocal-D, Miracal-D, etc)

Vitamin D: Vitamin D improves the absorption of calcium by our body. Daily requirement for an adult is 600 IU to 800 IU.

Sources of Vitamin D-

Sunlight (But excessive sunlight can cause skin cancer)

Cod liver oil

Supplements

Trout

Salmon

Exercise: Exercise can help building strong bones and slow bone loss.

Strength training exercise- helps strengthen muscles and bones in our arms and upper spine.

Weight bearing exercise- (walking, running, jogging) helps strengthen muscle and bones of our legs, hips, and lower spine.

Balance exercise-( Tai chi) can reduce the risk of falling especially as we get older.

What are the treatment of Osteoporosis?

Treatment depends on bone density test.

Bisphosphonates:

Alendronate

Risedronate

Ibandronate

Zoledronic acid

Denosumab:

Hormone Related Therapy:

Bone Building Medicines:

Teriparatide

Abaloparatide

Romosozumab

What are the hormone releted therapy for osteoporosis?

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be used to treat osteoporosis and relieve menopausal symptoms: 

  • Estrogen therapyPrevents bone loss and reduces the risk of fractures in the spine and hip. Estrogen can be taken as a pill, skin patch, or gel. 
  • Progesterone-based HRTMay be used in some situations. Progesterone is taken to reduce the risk of uterine cancer unless you’ve had a hysterectomy. 

HRT can be a good choice if you need treatment for both osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms. It’s usually started before the age of 60, as the risks may outweigh the benefits as you get older. 

The benefit-risk balance of HRT depends on several factors, including: Your individual risk profile, Whether estrogen is opposed or unopposed, The type of estrogens and progestogens, and The doses and routes of administration. 

āĻšāϰāĻŽā§‹āύ āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞ⧇āϏāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ (āĻāχāϚāφāϰāϟāĻŋ) āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āĻĒāϰ⧋āϏāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϏāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āύ⧋āĻĒāĻœā§‡āϰ āϞāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻļāĻŽ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇: 

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