HRTD Medical Institute
Pediatric Drugs Summery
Drugs that are used to treat diseases in children are called pediatric drugs. Here are some common pediatric drugs. It is important to know the indications, contraindications, side effects, dosage forms, dosage levels, and drug interactions of pediatric drugs very well. Some Common Pediatric Drugs are Paracetamol, Sulbutamol, Amoxicilling, Amoxicilling and Clavulanic Acid, Metronidazole, Anthalmintic drugs like Pyrental Pamote, etc.
যে সকল ড্রাগস শিশুদের রোগের চিকিৎসায় ব্যাবহৃত হয় তাদেরকে পেডিয়াট্রিক ড্রাগস বলে । এখানে কমন পেডিয়াট্রিক ড্রাগস গুলি নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হল । পেডিয়াট্রিক ড্রাগস গুলির ইনডিকেশন, কন্ট্রা ইনডিকেশন, সাইড ইফেক্ট, ডোজেজ ফর্ম, সেবন মাত্রা, এবং ড্রাগ ইন্টার একশন খুব ভালভাবে জানতে হয় ।কিছু সাধারণ শিশু ওষুধ হল প্যারাসিটামল, সালবুটামল, অ্যামোক্সিসিলিং, অ্যামোক্সিসিলিং এবং ক্লাভুল্যানিক অ্যাসিড, মেট্রোনিডাজল, পাইরেন্টাল পামোটের মতো অ্যান্থালমিন্টিক ওষুধ ইত্যাদি।
Paracetamol as Pediatric Drug
Paracetamol is a medicine used to treat mild to moderate pain. Paracetamol can also be used to treat fever (high temperature). It’s dangerous to take more than the recommended dose of paracetamol. Paracetamol overdose can damage our liver and cause death.
Indication of Paracetamol
Fever Management
Pain Management
Contraindication of Paracetamol
Hypersensitivity Reaction
Hepatic Failure
Renal Failure
Dosage Form of Paracetamol
Tablet, Syrup, Suppository
Dose of Paracetamol for Child Patient Patient
15 mg /Kg Body Weight Maximum 4 Times Daily
Fever or Pain না থাকলে Paracetamol দেয়া যাবে না ।
Drug Interactions of Paracetamol
Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is generally safe when taken as directed, but it can interact with other medications and substances. Potential interactions include
- Increased risk of bleeding with warfarin
- Altered absorption with medications affecting gastric emptying
- Increased risk of liver toxicity with other hepatotoxic drugs
Key Drug Interactions:
- Warfarin:Paracetamol can increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, potentially leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Dosage adjustments may be needed when these medications are taken together long-term.
- Medications Affecting Gastric Emptying: Drugs that speed up gastric emptying (e.g., metoclopramide) can increase paracetamol absorption, while those that slow it down (e.g., propantheline, anticholinergic antidepressants) can decrease absorption.
- Hepatotoxic Drugs and Enzyme Inducers: Combining paracetamol with other drugs that can harm the liver, or with medications that induce liver enzymes (like certain anticonvulsants or alcohol), can increase the risk of liver toxicity.
- Other Pain Relievers: Avoid taking paracetamol with other medications containing paracetamol. Also, be cautious when combining it with NSAIDs (like ibuprofen or aspirin) as they can also have side effects and interactions.
- Specific Medications: Interactions have also been noted with medications like cholestyramine (which reduces paracetamol absorption), some cancer drugs (imatinib, busulfan), some antifungal medications (ketoconazole), and certain diabetes medications (lixisenatide).
1. Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is at the top of the list of most commonly prescribed pediatric medications. It is an antibiotic that is inexpensive and well-tolerated by most children. It’s available by the brand name Amoxil, but there are many generic options that are less expensive. This medication is given orally. Young children usually take it in liquid form and older children and adults take it in tablet or capsule form. It is used to treat:
- Strep throat
- Ear infections
- Sinus infections
- Childhood pneumonia
2. Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid
Known by the brand name Augmentin, this medication combines the antibiotic amoxicillin with potassium clavulanate. Potassium clavulanate is a type of enzyme that helps the antibiotic fight bacteria that might be resistant to antibiotics alone. It is used to treat the same illnesses as amoxicillin alone, but may also be prescribed to kill bacteria in infected bites and infections of the mouth.
3. Albuterol
Albuterol is a type of drug called a bronchodilator. These drugs are used to treat respiratory issues by widening the air passages of the lungs (bronchi). It is commonly prescribed to relieve the symptoms of asthma. It is often administered by a metered-dose inhaler or in a nebulizer. It is also available as a syrup, but this form of the medication is not used very often anymore.
4. Cephalexin
Like many commonly prescribed pediatric medications, cephalexin is an antibiotic. It is sold under the brand name Keflex and is also available as a generic. It can be taken in a capsule, tablet, or oral suspension to treat things like ear infections, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections like impetigo.
5. Azithromycin
Like many commonly prescribed pediatric medications, azithromycin is an antibiotic. It is sold under the brand name Zithromax but is also available as a generic medication. It is usually prescribed for ear infections. It is available as a tablet, in an oral suspension (liquid), and in eye drops.
6. Fluticasone
Fluticasone is a steroid that is used in many different medications. Depending on what it is combined with, it can be prescribed as a nasal spray, cream, and ointment. It can be used to treat asthma, eczema, and allergies.
7. Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is an NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) that is used to treat fevers, pain, and inflammation. You probably already have children’s strength ibuprofen in your medicine cabinet. It is available over the counter as Children’s Motrin or Advil. However, it is also available in prescription strength for certain conditions.
8. Cefdinir
Sold by the brand name Omnicef, this antibiotic is used to treat sinus infections, ear infections, and pneumonia. It is not usually the first type of antibiotic pediatricians will prescribe for these conditions. It is more expensive than some more common antibiotics.
9. Montelukast Sodium/Singulair
Singulair is used to treat asthma and relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies. It is a type of drug called a leukotriene inhibitor. These medications are used to prevent or lessen the body’s reaction to allergens. It is commonly referred to as Singulair even though it is available as a generic drug.
10. Prednisone
Prednisone is a type of corticosteroid. Corticosteroids are a class of drug that reduces inflammation in the body. Prednisone is used to treat asthma flare-ups, croup, and allergic reactions to things like poison ivy. It is usually prescribed for a short period of time in small dosages.
11. Nystatin
Nystatin is an anti-fungal medication that treats infections caused by fungi such as yeast. It can be given by mouth to treat infections in the mouth such as thrush. It also comes topical forms like creams, ointments, and powders to treat skin conditions like diaper rashes.
The team at Kernodle Pediatrics is dedicated to keeping your child happy and healthy from birth to age 18. Our pediatric services range from routine preventative care to treating acute illnesses. If you have questions or concerns about any pediatric medications your child is taking, call us at (336) 538-2416 to make an appointment.
