HRTD Medical Institute
Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

Table of Contents

Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka Details

Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka. Mobile No. 01969947171, 01987-073965, 01797-522136. BSc Physiotherapist Course and Diploma Physiotherapist Course are available in Bangladesh.

Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

Physiotherapist Best Course

Physiotherapist BSc Courses are available in some National Institutes and Private Institutes. BSc Physiotherapist or BSc Physiotherapy Course is Best in NITOR, Sher e Bangla Nagor, Dhaka. Diploma Physiotherapist or Diploma Physiotherapy Course under IHT is the Best. Science Background is mandatory for taking admission in BSc Physiotherapy or Diploma Physiotherapy under IHT.

Physiotherapist Best Private Diploma Course

Physiotherapist Best Private Diploma Course. Mobile No. 01969947171, 01987-073965, 01797-522136. HRTD Medical Institute is organizing some Private Diploma Physiotherapy Courses. 4 Years Diploma in Physiotherapy is the best among the courses. If you want to complete Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka from HRTD Medical Institute then please, contact with us.

Physiotherapist Best Course Fee in Dhaka

Physiotherapist Best Course Fee in Dhaka. Mobile No. 01969947171, 01987-073965, 01797-522136. Physiotherapist 4 Years Course Fee Tk 198500/-, Physiotherapy 3 Years Course Fee Tk 152500/-, Physiotherapy 2 Years Course Fee Tk 102500/-, and Physiotherapy 1 Year Course Fee Tk 62500/-.

Physiotherapist Course Location in Dhaka

Physiotherapist Best Course Location in Dhaka. Mobile No. 01969947171, 01987-073965, 01797-522136. HRTD Medical Institue, Abdul Ali Madbor Mansion, Section-6, Block-Kha, Road-1, Plot-11, Mirpur-10 Golchattar, Dhaka-1216.

Physiotherapist Best Course Admission Fee in Dhaka

Physiotherapist Best Course Admission Fee in Dhaka. Mobile No. 01987-073965, 01797-522136.

Course Duration: 3 Years, Total Subjects: 24, Total Marks: 2400, Total Classes (3 x 144): 432 Hours, Admission Fee: 26,500/-, Monthly Fee (36 x 3000): 108,000/-, Exam. Fee ( 6 ): 18,000/-, Total Course Fee: 152,500/-

For 4 Years Diploma in Physiotherapy, Admission Fee is Tk 30500/-, for 3 Years Diploma in Physiotherapy Admission Fee is tk 30500/-, 2 Years Physiotherapy Course is Tk 102500/, and 1 Year Physiotherapy Course is Tk 62500/-.

Teachers for Physiotherapist Best Course Course

  1. Dr. Md. Sakulur Rahman, MBBS, CCD (BIRDEM), Course Director
  2. Dr. Sanjana Binte Ahmed, BDS, MPH, Assistant Course Director
  3. Dr. Tisha, MBBS, PGT Gyne, Assistant Course Director
  4. Dr. Suhana, MBBS, PGT Medicine
  5. Dr. Danial Hoque, MBBS, C-Card
  6. Dr. Tisha, MBBS
  7. Dr. Afrin Jahan, MBBS, PGT Medicine
  8. Dr. Ananna, MBBS
  9. Dr. Lamia Afroze, MBBS
  10. Dr. Amena Afroze Anu, MBBS, PGT Gyne, Assistant Course Director
  11. Dr. Farhana Antara, MBBS,
  12. Dr. Nazmun Nahar Juthi, BDS, PGT
  13. Dr. Farhana Sharna, MBBS
  14. Dr. Bushra, MBBS
  15. Dr. Turzo, MBBS
  16. Dr. Kamrunnahar Keya, BDS, PGT (Dhaka Dental College)
  17. Dr. Shamima, MBBS, PGT Gyne
  18. Dr. Alamin, MBBS
  19. Dr. Benzir Belal, MBBS
  20. Dr. Disha, MBBS
  21. Dr. Mahinul Islam, MBBS
  22. Dr. Tisha, MBBS, PGT Medicine
  23. Dr. Anika, MBBS, PGT
  24. Dr. Jannatul Ferdous, MBBS, PGT Gyne
  25. Dr. Jannatul Aman, MBBS, PGT
  26. Dr. Rayhan, BPT
  27. Dr. Abu Hurayra, BPT
  28. Dr. Sharmin Ankhi, MBBS, PGT Medicine
  29. Md. Monir Hossain, B Pharm, M Pharm
  30. Md. Monirul Islam, B Pharm, M Pharm
  31. Md. Feroj Ahmed, BSc Pathology, PDT Medicine

Objectives of Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻšā§‡āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒā§€ āϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϜ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϜ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋā§Ž āύāĻž āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϜāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϜāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻāĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āϟāϏ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϜāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻĢāĻŋāύ⧇āύāĻļāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϞ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϜāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ, āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻž āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϜāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ, āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻ‚ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĨ¤

Objectives of Physiotherapy Course
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āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ ā§Š āĻŦāĻ›āϰ/ ā§Ē āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞ⧋āĻŽāĻž āϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏ āϏāĻĢāϞāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āϰāĻž āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦ⧇:

(ā§§) āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āĨ¤
(⧍) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āϏāϰāĻžā§āϜāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāύ⧁āώāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻŦ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāϪ⧇āϰ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āĨ¤
(ā§Š) āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĄāϕ⧁āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāύ āĻŦāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āĨ¤
(ā§Ē) āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āĨ¤
(ā§Ģ) āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āϤāĻĻāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻŋ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āĨ¤

(ā§Ŧ) āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Physiotherapy Chamber Starting & Establishment

After completing the Diploma in Physiotherapy Technology 3 Years Course you can start a Physiotherapy Chamber in any location in Bangladesh. You need to obtain The Registration and The License from the Respective Authority of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. We only help our students obtain registration and licenses for the Starting & Establishment of Physiotherapy Chamber.

āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞ⧋āĻŽāĻž āχāύ āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āύ⧋āϞāϜāĻŋ 3 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϝ⧇āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖāĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻžāϤāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻļā§āϞāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ› āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϞāĻžāχāϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϞāĻžāχāϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
Course TitleCourse Summery
Physiotherapy Training Course (PTTC)Course Duration = 1 Year
Total Subjects = 10
Total Marks = 1000
Total Classes (3 x 48) = 144 Hours
Admission Fee = 10,500
Monthly Fee (12 x 3000) = 36,000
Exam. Fee ( 2 ) = 6,000
Total Course Fee = 52,500
Diploma Physiotherapy Assistant (DPTA)Course Duration = 2 Years
Total Subjects = 18
Total Marks = 1800
Total Classes (3 x 96) = 288 Hours
Admission Fee = 16,500
Monthly Fee (24 x 3000) = 72,000
Exam. Fee ( 4 ) = 4,000
Total Course Fee = 92,500
Diploma in Physiotherapy Technology(DPTT)Course Duration = 3 Years
Total Subjects = 24
Total Marks = 2400
Total Classes (3 x 144) = 432 Hours
Admission Fee = 20,500
Monthly Fee (36 x 3000) = 108,000
Exam. Fee ( 6 ) = 14,000
Total Course Fee = 142,500
Diploma in Physiotherapy (DIPT)Course Duration = 4 Years
Total Subjects = 30
Total Marks = 3000
Total Classes (3 x 192) = 576 Hours
Admission Fee = 30,500
Monthly Fee (48 x 3000) = 144,000
Exam. Fee ( 8 ) = 8,000
Total Course Fee = 182,500

Subject for for Physiotherapist Best Course Course

1’st sem Subject for 4 Years Physiotherapy Course

  1. Anatomy & Physiology.
  2. Generel Chemistry & Pharmacology
  3. Firs Aid & Practice of Medicine
  4. Hematology & Pathology for Medical Practice
  5. Study of OTC Drugs

2’nd sem Subject for 4 Years Physiotherapy Course

  1. Cardiovascular Anatomy & Physiology
  2. Orhopedic Medicine
  3. Neuro Anatomy & Physiology
  4. Electro Physics & Study of TENS
  5. Orthopedic Disease & Treatment

3’rd sem Subject for 4 Years Physiotherapy Course

4’th sem Subject for 4 Years Physiotherapy Course

Human Anatomy and Physiology for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

Essential topics in Human Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) focus on the structural organization (anatomy) and functional mechanisms (physiology) of major body systems, with a strong emphasis on homeostasis. Key areas include the cardiovascular system, nervous system (action potentials, neurophysiology), musculoskeletal system, respiratory mechanics, and endocrine regulation. 

High-Yield Anatomy & Physiology Topics

  • Introduction & Organization: Homeostasis (negative/positive feedback loops), basic cell structure, membrane transport, and tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous).
  • Cardiovascular System: Cardiac cycle, heart valves/chambers, ECG basics, blood pressure regulation, cardiac output, and hemodynamics.
  • Nervous System: Action potentials, nerve impulses, neuromuscular junction, CNS (brain/spinal cord anatomy), and autonomic nervous system (sympathetic/parasympathetic).
  • Musculoskeletal System: Muscle contraction (sliding filament theory), bone structure/remodeling, and major joint types.
  • Respiratory System: Mechanics of breathing, gas exchange (oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve), and lung volumes.
  • Endocrine System: Major glands (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas), hormone action mechanisms, and feedback control.
  • Renal/Urinary System: Nephron structure, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption/secretion, and fluid/electrolyte balance.
  • Digestive System: Organs, motility, secretion, metabolism, and nutrient absorption.
  • Reproductive System: Male and female reproductive anatomy, menstrual cycle, and hormonal control.
  • Immune/Lymphatic System: Immune response, white blood cells, and lymphatic drainage. 

Key Concepts for Exam Success

  • Physiology: Action potentials, Cardiac cycle phases, Lung capacities, Renal clearance, and Menstrual cycle regulation.
  • Anatomy: Key organ landmarks, nervous system pathways, bone markings, and structural, anatomical relationships (e.g., in head/neck or thoracic cavity). 




Pharmacology-1 for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

The study of Drugs and Medicine is called Pharmacology. Here we discuss group-wise drugs and their medicines in Pharmacology-1. Common Groups of Drugs are Pain Killer Drugs, Anti Ulcer Drugs, Anti Vomiting Drugs, Laxative Drugs, Motility Drugs, Antimotility Drugs, Bronchodilator Drugs, Antibiotic Drugs, Anti Fungal Drugs, Anti Protozoal Drugs, Anti Viral Drugs, Anthelmintic Drugs, Anti Hypertensive Drugs, Beta Blocker Drugs, Calcium Channel Blocker Drugs, ACE Inhibitor Drugs, Hemostatic Drugs, Analgesic Drugs, Antipyretic Drugs, Anti Thrombotic Drugs, etc.

Key topics for Pharmacology-I (General Pharma & ANS) include

ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion), pharmacokinetics (half-life, clearance), drug receptor mechanisms (agonists/antagonists), and autonomic nervous system (ANS) drugs like adrenergic/cholinergic agents. Key focus areas also include dose-response relationships, bioavailability, therapeutic index, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). 

1. General Pharmacology (Core Concepts) 

  • Pharmacokinetics (ADME): Bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, plasma protein binding, enzyme induction/inhibition, and kinetics of elimination (first-order vs. zero-order).
  • Pharmacodynamics: Drug-receptor interactions (G-protein coupled receptors, ion channels), agonists/antagonists (competitive vs. non-competitive), dose-response relationship, potency, efficacy, and therapeutic index.
  • Drug Action Factors: Factors modifying drug action, drug interactions (pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic), adverse drug reactions (ADR) classification (Type A, B, C, D, E), and tolerance/tachyphylaxis.
  • Definitions & Principles: Routes of administration, drug discovery phases, essential medicine concept. 

2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Pharmacology 

  • Cholinergic System: Cholinergic agonists, anticholinesterases, cholinesterase reactivators (PAM), and muscarinic antagonists (Atropine).
  • Adrenergic System: Adrenergic agonists/sympathomimetics, 0be50c4b 06aa 4750 b8b1 38be07f605a8Îąalphađ›ŧ-blockers, and 8433dafb 6378 436f a620 b2cdd2cd05a5βbetađ›Ŋ-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol).
  • Neuromuscular Blockers: Skeletal muscle relaxants (depolarizing vs. non-depolarizing). 

3. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) & Related Areas 

  • Local anesthetics (mechanism, types).
  • Management of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning. 

4. High-Yield Topics for Review 

  • Drug receptor mechanisms
  • Therapeutic index and safety margins
  • First-pass metabolism and bioavailability
  • Autonomic nervous system, particularly adrenergic/cholinergic drugs 

Pharmacology-1

1. Introduction to Pharmacology

  • Definition: Pharmacology is the study of drugs, their sources, actions, and effects on the human body.
  • Purpose for Caregivers: To understand how medicines work, how to give them safely, and how to assist patients properly.

2. Basic Terms

  • Drug: A chemical substance used to prevent, treat, or diagnose disease.
  • Dose: The amount of medicine given at one time.
  • Route of administration: How a medicine is given — e.g., oral, injection, topical, inhalation.
  • Side effect: Unwanted effect of a drug.
  • Contraindication: A situation where a drug should not be used.

3. Sources of Drugs

  • Natural sources: Plants (e.g., Digitalis), animals (e.g., insulin), minerals.
  • Synthetic drugs: Made in laboratories (e.g., paracetamol, antibiotics).

4. Routes of Drug Administration

  • Oral: By mouth.
  • Topical: Applied to skin.
  • Inhalation: Breathed into lungs.
  • Injection: Given by syringe — intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC).

5. Classification of Drugs

  • Analgesics: Pain relievers (e.g., Paracetamol, Ibuprofen).
  • Antipyretics: Fever reducers (e.g., Paracetamol).
  • Antibiotics: Kill bacteria (e.g., Amoxicillin).
  • Antihypertensives: Lower blood pressure (e.g., Atenolol).
  • Antidiabetics: Control blood sugar (e.g., Insulin, Metformin).
  • Vitamins: Maintain health and body functions (e.g., Vitamin C, B complex).

6. Dosage and Measurement

  • Understanding common measurements (mg, ml, IU).
  • Following doctor’s prescription carefully.
  • Double-checking before giving medicine.

7. Safe Drug Administration

Caregivers must follow the “Six Rights of Medication Administration”:

  1. Right patient
  2. Right drug
  3. Right dose
  4. Right route
  5. Right time
  6. Right documentation

8. Drug Storage

  • Keep medicines in a cool, dry place.
  • Store out of children’s reach.
  • Check expiry dates regularly.

9. Observation and Reporting

Caregivers should observe and report:

  • Side effects (nausea, rash, dizziness, etc.)
  • Allergic reactions (swelling, difficulty breathing)
  • Any change in patient’s condition after medication.

10. Role of a Caregiver in Medication Management

  • Prepare medicine as directed.
  • Assist patients in taking medicines properly.
  • Keep records of medicines given.
  • Communicate with healthcare professionals about patient responses.

āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ⧇āϰ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ— (Classification of Drugs)

āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϜāωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ
AnalgesicsāĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻļāĻ•Paracetamol, Ibuprofen
AntipyreticsāĻœā§āĻŦāϰ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧParacetamol
AntibioticsāĻœā§€āĻŦāĻžāϪ⧁ āύāĻžāĻļāĻ•Amoxicillin
AntihypertensivesāϰāĻ•ā§āϤāϚāĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧAtenolol
AntidiabeticsāϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇ āϚāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖInsulin, Metformin
VitaminsāĻļāϰ⧀āϰ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇Vitamin C, B complex

First Aid for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

First Aid is an important subject for Medical Courses including Diplomas in Medicine& Surgery Course, RMP Courses, LMAF Courses, Paramedical Courses, DMA Courses, DMS Courses, Nursing Courses, Dental Courses, Pathology Courses, Physiotherapy Courses, Caregiver Courses, etc. Here we discuss Shock, Classification Shock, Causes of Shock, Stages of Shock, Clinical Features of Shock, Hypovolemic Shock, Cardiogenic Shock, Neurogenic Shock, Traumatic Shock, Burn Shock, Electric Shock, Psychogenic Shock, Anaphylactic Shock, First Aid of Shock, First Aid of Cut, First of Snake Bite, First Aid of Accidental Injury, etc.

āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž (First Aid) āĻšāϞ⧋ – āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϘāϟāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻĒāϰāχ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ, āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āφāϘāĻžāϤ āύāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž (First Aid) āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž:

āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϘāϟāύāĻž, āφāϘāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻšāĻ āĻžā§Ž āĻ…āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻĒāϰāχ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžā§ŽāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž — āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ–āĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ āύāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āφāϏāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ:

  1. āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
  2. āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāύāϤāĻŋ āϰ⧋āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž
  3. āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ“āĻ āĻžāϰ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž

āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞāύ⧀āϤāĻŋ:

  • āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž
  • āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āϰ āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ, āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϏāĻžā§āϚāĻžāϞāύ āĻ“ āϏāĻšā§‡āϤāύāϤāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž (ABC)
  • āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻšāϞ⧇ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž
  • āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž
  • āϝāϤ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž

āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ:

āĻĒ⧇āχāύ āϰāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻĢ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ
āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϜ, āĻ—āϜ, āϤ⧁āϞāĻž āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻĒāϟāĻŋāĻ• āϏāϞāĻŋāωāĻļāύ āĻ•āĻžāρāϚāĻŋ, āĻĒāĻŋāύ, āĻ—ā§āϞāĻžāĻ­āϏ āĻĨāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‹āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ, āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ, āϏ⧇āĻĢāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŋāύ

Study Of OTC Drugs for Caregiver Course & Caregiver Career

Based on current studies, the study of Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs covers a broad range of topics focused on the self-medication practices of consumers, safety, regulation, and the impact of these medications on public health. Key areas include the prevalence of use, common types of OTC drugs, knowledge/attitude/practice (KAP) studies, and risks of misuse. 

Here are the main topics for a study on OTC drugs:

1. Definition and Classification of OTC Drugs

  • Definition: Medications legally available to consumers without a prescription for self-limiting illnesses.
  • Classification: Ranging from analgesics (pain killers) and anti-pyretics (fever reducers) to cold/cough remedies, digestive aids (antacids), allergy medications, and skin-related preparations.
  • Active Ingredients: Studies of common active ingredients (e.g., paracetamol, ibuprofen, dextromethorphan). 

2. Self-Medication Practices and Behaviors

  • Prevalence: Research into how frequently the general population, adolescents, or students use OTC drugs (ranging from 70-98% in various studies).
  • Motivations: Reasons for self-medication, including ease of access, lower cost, time savings, and avoidance of consultation fees.
  • Sources of Information: Reliance on pharmacy staff, family, friends, and internet/media advertisements.
  • Self-Diagnosis: Evaluating the accuracy of consumers’ self-assessment of symptoms. 

3. Safety, Risks, and Adverse Effects

  • Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs): Studies on side effects like dry mouth, diarrhea, anxiety, and tachycardia.
  • Misuse and Abuse: Investigating excessive dosage, “double-dipping” (taking multiple products with the same active ingredient), or long-term use.
  • Drug-Drug/Drug-Food Interactions: Risks of combining OTC drugs with each other or with prescription medication.
  • Overdose: Specifically regarding acetaminophen (liver damage) and Loperamide.
  • Addiction: Studies on the potential for addiction, particularly with medications containing Dextromethorphan (DXM). 

4. Regulatory and Legal Aspects

  • FDA/Regulatory Oversight: How drugs are categorized as “Generally Recognized as Safe and Effective” (GRAS/E).
  • Rx-to-OTC Switch: The process of moving prescription drugs to over-the-counter status.
  • Labeling and Packaging: The “Drug Facts” label requirements and tamper-evident packaging.
  • Advertising Regulations: The role of media in promoting OTC drug consumption. 

5. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP)

  • Consumer Knowledge: Assessing understanding of dosage, active ingredients, and potential risks.
  • Attitudes: Beliefs regarding the safety and effectiveness of OTC products.
  • Practice: Behaviors such as reading labels, checking expiration dates, and storing medicines properly. 

6. Public Health Impact

  • Health System Burden: The impact of self-medication on healthcare costs and doctor visits.
  • Antibiotic Resistance: Risks associated with the misuse of OTC antimicrobials.
  • Pharmacy Role: The evolving role of pharmacists in educating consumers on responsible self-care. 

7. Special Populations in OTC Studies

  • Adolescents: Focus on high rates of misuse and lack of knowledge.
  • Elderly: Studies on polypharmacy and increased susceptibility to adverse effects.
  • University Students: High use driven by academic stress. 

āĻ“āϟāĻŋāϏāĻŋ (OTC) āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ— āĻāϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋ ?

āĻ“āϟāĻŋāϏāĻŋ (OTC) āĻŦāĻž ‘āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāϰ-āĻĻā§āϝ-āĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰ’ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹Â āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ–āĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϏāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻĒāĻļāύ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāχ āϏāĻšāĻœā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻž  āĻāχ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ­ā§‹āĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝāĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāϰāĻ“ āϏāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĨ¤Â 

āĻ“āϟāĻŋāϏāĻŋ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋:

  • āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāϤāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāĻļāĻŽ: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž, āĻœā§āĻŦāϰ, āϏāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋ-āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĨ¤
  • āϏāĻšāϜāϞāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻž āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻœā§āĻžā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϞāĻžāχāύ⧇ āύāĻž āĻĻāĻžāρāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āϏāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§‹āĻ•āĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§‡āϰ āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĨ¤
  • āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāύ⧋: āϛ⧋āϟāĻ–āĻžāĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĢāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāϰ⧇āϟāϰāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻŦāĻžāρāϚāĻžāύ⧋ āĨ¤
  • āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻā§€ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻž: āĻāϞāĻžāĻ°ā§āϜāĻŋ, āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ—ā§āϰ⧇āύ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻŽā§āĻŦāϞ⧇āϰ (heartburn) āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĨ¤
  • āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž: āĻ•āĻžāϟāĻžāϛ⧇āρāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϛ⧋āϟāĻ–āĻžāĻŸā§‹ āϜāĻ–āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžā§ŽāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž (āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ- āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻĒāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ) āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĨ¤Â 

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻ”āώāϧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ ā§Šā§¯āϟāĻŋ āĻœā§‡āύ⧇āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“āώ⧁āϧāϕ⧇ āĻ“āϟāĻŋāϏāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝāĻž āϝ⧇ āϕ⧇āω āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϏāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻĒāĻļāύ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāχ āĻ•āĻŋāύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āϜāϰ⧁āϰāĻŋ āϝ⧇, āĻ“āϟāĻŋāϏāĻŋ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāϞ⧇āĻ“ āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āϭ⧁āϞ āϏ⧇āĻŦāύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻœā§āĻžā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŽāĨ¤

Hematology and Pathology for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

The study of Blood and Blood Disease is called Hematology and the Study of Pathos and Process of Disease Creation and Diagnosis is called Pathology. In Hematology and Pathology, we discuss blood cells, their structure and functions, Blood Diseases, Common Pathos and their pathogenesis, Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Metaplasia, Gangrene, Pathological Tests like TC, DC, ESR, Hemoglobin Percentage, etc.

Hematology āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ ?

āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ (Hematology) āĻŦāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻšāϞ⧋ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻž, āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ, āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻž (āϞ⧋āĻšāĻŋāϤ, āĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϤ āĻ“ āĻ…āϪ⧁āϚāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž), āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœā§āϜāĻž (bone marrow), āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāϜāĻŽāĻžāϟ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϧāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž, āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻ“ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ [⧍, ā§Š, ā§Ŧ]āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ ‘Haima’ (āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ‘ology’ (āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ) āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āϛ⧇ [⧍]āĨ¤ āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϟāϰāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϤāĻž, āϞāĻŋāωāϕ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ“ āĻĨā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻžāϏ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āϰ⧋āĻ—āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ [ā§Ŧ, ā§­]āĨ¤Â 

āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš:

  • āφāϞ⧋āĻšā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ: āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ, āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ— (āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœā§āϜāĻž), āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāύāĻžāϞ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧀ [ā§§, ā§Ŧ]āĨ¤
  • āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻ“ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž: āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϤāĻž (anemia), āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāύāϏāĻžāϰ (leukemia, lymphoma), āĻšāĻŋāĻŽā§‹āĻĢāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻĨā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻžāϏ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϜāĻŽāĻžāϟ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ“ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ [ā§Š, ā§Ŧ, ā§§ā§Ļ]āĨ¤
  • āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž: āϏāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻŋ (CBC), āĻšāĻŋāĻŽā§‹āĻ—ā§āϞ⧋āĻŦāĻŋāύ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœā§āϜāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ [ā§§, ā§Ŧ, ā§§ā§Ē]āĨ¤
  • āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻœā§āĻž: āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϟ āĻŦāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāϰ⧋āĻ— āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻœā§āĻžāϰāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϏ, āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ [ā§Ē, ā§Ŧ, ā§Ž]āĨ¤Â 

āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ āĻšāϞ⧋ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāϜāύāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ“ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ 

Hematology āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āϟ āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āĻŋ ?

āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ (Hematology) āĻšāϞ⧋ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻž, āϝāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ, āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ (āϞ⧋āĻšāĻŋāϤ/āĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āϟāϞ⧇āϟ), āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœā§āϜāĻž (Bone marrow) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϜāĻŽāĻžāϟ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ, āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻ“ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ [⧍, ā§Ž]āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϤāĻž (Anemia), āĻŦā§āϞāĻžāĻĄ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻžāϰ (Leukemia), āĻšāĻŋāĻŽā§‹āĻĢāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āχāύāĻĢ⧇āĻ•āĻļāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ [ā§§, ā§Š, ā§Ģ]āĨ¤ 

āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋:

ā§§. āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ (Diagnostic Work):

  • āϏāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻŋ (CBC): āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāϟ āĻŦā§āϞāĻžāĻĄ āĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ“ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž [ā§§ā§Ļ]āĨ¤
  • āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœā§āϜāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœā§āϜāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āύāĻŽā§āύāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ (Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy) āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž [ā§­]āĨ¤
  • āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϧāĻŋ: āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϤāĻž, āĻĨā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻžāϏ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻŦā§āϞāĻžāĻĄ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻžāϰ, āϞāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻĢā§‹āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§āϟāĻŋāĻĒāϞ āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧā§‹āϞ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ [⧍, ā§Ŧ]āĨ¤
  • āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϜāĻŽāĻžāϟ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧāĻž āĻ“ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻĒāĻžāϤ: āĻšā§‡āĻŽā§‹āĻĢāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϜāĻŽāĻžāϟ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž [ā§Ģ, ā§Ž]āĨ¤Â 

⧍. āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻ“ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻž (Treatment & Management):

  • āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻšāĻŋāĻŽā§‹āĻ—ā§āϞ⧋āĻŦāĻŋāύ, āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āϟāϞ⧇āϟ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āϟāĻŋāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž [ā§Ž]āĨ¤
  • āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻžāϰ āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϕ⧇āĻŽā§‹āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ [⧧⧍]āĨ¤
  • āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϏāĻžā§āϚāĻžāϞāύ (Blood Transfusion) āĻŦāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻž [ā§­]āĨ¤Â 

ā§Š. āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž (Research):

  • āύāϤ⧁āύ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž [ā§­, ā§Ž]āĨ¤Â 

āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϝ⧇āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋāϰ āωāĻĒāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāχ āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜāĨ¤ 

āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϕ⧇āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ?

āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ, āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻž (āϞ⧋āĻšāĻŋāϤ, āĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϤ, āĻ…āϪ⧁āϚāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœā§āϜāĻžāϰ āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻŦ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ“ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž (āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϤāĻž), āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāĻš, āĻŦā§āϞāĻžāĻĄ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻžāϰ (āϞāĻŋāωāϕ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž/āϞāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻĢā§‹āĻŽāĻž), āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāĻŽāĻžāϟ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āĻļāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ—āϤāĻŋ (āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ- āϕ⧇āĻŽā§‹āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ) āĻŽāύāĻŋāϟāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻāχ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĨ¤Â 

āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϕ⧇āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ (āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš):

  • āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ: āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϤāĻž (Anemia), āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāύāϏāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āϤāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϧāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĨ¤
  • āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāϟ āĻŦā§āϞāĻžāĻĄ āĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻŸÂ (CBC): āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž, āĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϤ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āϟāϞ⧇āϟ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āχāĻŽāĻŋāωāύ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋāϤāĻž āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĨ¤
  • āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϜāĻŽāĻžāϟ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧāĻž (Clotting): āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧋āĻĒāϚāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻĒāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž (āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ- āĻšāĻŋāĻŽā§‹āĻĢāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž) āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϜāĻŽāĻžāϟ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž (PT, APTT) āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĨ¤
  • āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻŦ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ: āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĨ¤
  • āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž: āĻšāĻŋāĻŽā§‹āĻ—ā§āϞ⧋āĻŦāĻŋāύ, āĻšā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‹āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϟ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āϪ⧁āϚāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āύāĻž āϤāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĨ¤Â 

āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ, āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻŦāϞāϤāĻž, āĻŦāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻĒāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āϞāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻāχ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āύ āĨ¤Â 

āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ ?

āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋ (Pathology) āĻšāϞ⧋ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻž, āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ, āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ, āϞāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āώ āĻŦāĻž āϟāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ [ā§§, ā§Ē, ā§­]āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤ āĻ…āϪ⧁āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāϰ⧇āϟāϰāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ, āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āϤāϰāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϟāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁āϰ āύāĻŽā§āύāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ (diagnosis) āĻ•āϰ⧇, āϝāĻž āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϝ [ā§§ā§Ļ, ⧧⧍]āĨ¤ 

āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋:

  • āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ: āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ (etiology) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āώ āĻŦāĻž āϟāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁āϤ⧇ āϕ⧀ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ [ā§Ē, ā§­]āĨ¤
  • āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ: āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻĒāϏāĻŋ (āϟāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁āϰ āϛ⧋āϟ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āϕ⧇āĻŸā§‡ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž), āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāχāĻŸā§‹āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ [ā§­, ā§§ā§Ļ]āĨ¤
  • āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻ“ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϏ: āϰ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϤāϟāĻž āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āϤāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻ›āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇, āϤāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ [ā§§ā§Ļ]āĨ¤
  • āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—: āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ āĻāύāĻžāϟāĻŽāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋ (āϟāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋ (āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āϤāϰāϞ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž) — āĻāχ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ [ā§§ā§Ē]āĨ¤ 

āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϰ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϕ⧇āύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, āϤāĻž āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāχ āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋ

āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϕ⧀ āϕ⧀?

āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āϟāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁, āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ, āĻŽā§‚āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϤāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āϰ⧋āĻ—, āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāϪ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ (āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻžāϰ, āĻĄāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦ⧇āϟāĻŋāϏ, āχāύāĻĢ⧇āĻ•āĻļāύ) āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻŦ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž (CBC, HbA1c), āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϰāĻžāĻŦ āĻ“ āĻŽāϞ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻĒāϏāĻŋ (āϟāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁), āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϞāϚāĻžāϰ āĻŸā§‡āĻ¸ā§āϟ āĨ¤ 

āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϞāϜāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ:

āĻāχ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻž āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ [ā§­, ā§§ā§§]āĨ¤ 

Microbiology and Antimicrobial Drugs for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

The Study of Microorganisms is called Microbiology. The Drugs that are used for the treatment of Infectious Diseases are Antimicrobial Drugs. Microorganisms are Bacteria, Protozoa, Fungus, and Virus. Antimicrobial Drugs are Antibiotic Drugs ( Antibacterial Drugs), Anti Protozoal Drugs, Anti Fungal Drugs, and Anti Viral Drugs. Antibacterial Drugs are Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Cefaclor, Cefixime, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Doxicicline, Gentamycin, Neomycin, Flucloxacillin, Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, etc. Antiprotozoal Drugs are Metronidazole, Secnidazole, Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Nitazoxanide, etc. Antifungal Drugs are Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Econazole, Miconazole, Terbinafine, etc.

āĻ…āϪ⧁āĻœā§€āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύāϕ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§‹āϞāϜāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ• āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϏāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϝ⧇ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ—āĨ¤ āĻ…āϪ⧁āĻœā§€āĻŦ āĻšāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻŸā§‹āĻœā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻĢāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϏ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϏāĨ¤ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ—āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻšāϞ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§‹āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ—āϏ (āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ—āϏ), āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻŸā§‹āĻœā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ—āϏ, āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϞ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ—āϏ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϞ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ—āϏāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧋āϧ⧀ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻšāϞ Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Cefaclor, Cefixime, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Doxicicline, Gentamycin, Neomycin, Flucloxacillin, Amoxicillin, āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻœā§‹āϞ, āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻŽāĻžāχāϏāĻŋāύ, āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻĄāĻžāĻŽāĻžāχāϏāĻŋāύ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤ Secnidazole, Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Nitazoxanide, āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϞ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ āĻšāϞ Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Econazole, Miconazole, Terbinafine āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤

Treatment/Practice of Medicine for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

The study of Disease and Treatment is called the Practice of Medicine. This subject is important for a Diploma Medical Practitioner, Diploma Medical Assistant, and Rural Medical Practitioner. This subject discusses some common diseases. The discussion points for the Practice of Medicine are the Definition of Disease, Causes of Disease, Clinical Features of Disease ( Symptoms and Signs), Investigation of Disease, Treatment of Disease, Complication of Disease, and Advice for the Patients. To understand the diseases, the movement of doctors, and their prescriptions, this subject should be studied by physiotherapy students.

āϰ⧋āĻ— āĻ“ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāϏāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞ⧋āĻŽāĻž āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāϕ⧇āϞ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻļāύāĻžāϰ, āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞ⧋āĻŽāĻž āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāϕ⧇āϞ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§€āĻŖ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāϏāĻŋāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ⧇āϰ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻšāϞ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻž, āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ, āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ (āϞāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϞāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ), āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āϤāĻĻāĻ¨ā§āϤ, āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž, āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļāĨ¤ āϰ⧋āĻ—āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ, āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϏāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻĒāĻļāύ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤

Therapeutic Exercise-1 for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

Exercise Therapies are discussed in Therapeutic Exercise. After completing Theory Classes, Practical Classes are done. Topics for Therapeutic Exercise-1 are Lever, Types of Lever, 1st Degree Lever, Pulley, Types of Pulley, Movable Pulley, Energy, Types of Energy, Kinetic Energy, Axis, Types of Axis, Plane, Types of Plane, Names of Shoulder Movement, Names of Hip Movement, Names of Wrist Movement, MCP Movement, Range of Motion of Elbow Joint, Muscle action, Types of Muscle action, Muscle work, Types of Muscle work, Types of Fundamental Position, Pelvic tilt, Types o Pelvic tilt, Relax Passive Movement, Indication of Relax Passive Movement, Contraindication of Relax Passive Movement.

āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ. āĻĨāĻŋāĻ“āϰāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻ•ā§āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻžāχāϜ-ā§§-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻšāϞ⧋ āϞāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϰ, āϞāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϧāϰāύ, ā§§āĻŽ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋ āϞāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϰ, āĻĒ⧁āϞāĻŋ, āĻĒ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ, āϚāϞāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻĒ⧁āϞāĻŋ, āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ, āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώ, āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ, āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ, āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ⧇āϰ āϧāϰāύ, āύāĻžāĻĒ⧁āϞāĨ¤ āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹āϞāύ, āύāĻŋāϤāĻŽā§āĻŦ āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹āϞāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ, āĻ•āĻŦā§āϜāĻŋāϰ āύāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϚāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ, MCP āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻ•āύ⧁āχ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏāϰ, āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϧāϰāύ, āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ, āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϧāϰāύ, āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϧāϰāύ, āĻļā§āϰ⧋āĻŖā§€ āĻ•āĻžāϤ, āĻĒ⧇āϞāĻ­āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϤ, āĻļāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϞāĻ•āϰāĻŖ, āύāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ—āϤāĻŋāϰ āϧāϰāύ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ­ āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹āϞāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϞ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ, āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ­ āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻļāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϞ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ⧀āϤāĻž,

Types of skeletal muscle fibers, Clinical Examination of the Motor Nervous System, Clinical Examination of the Sensory Nervous System, Clinical Examination of Cranial Nerves, Clinical Examination of the Cardiovascular System, Measurement of the Pelvic Angle of Inclination, Factors affecting the Joint Range of Motion, Starting and Derived Positions, Suspension therapy, Advantage of Suspension therapy, Names of Suspension Instrument, Types of Suspension Therapy, etc.

Orthopedic Disease for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻĒ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ• āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϜ āĻŦāĻž āϰ⧋āĻ—Â āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ, āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ (āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŋ), āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€, āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāύ, āϞāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āύāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€āĻŦāĻšā§āϞ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡āϰ (Musculoskeletal system) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻž āĨ¤Â āĻāχ āϰ⧋āĻ—āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϝāĻŧ (āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āĻĒāϰ⧋āϏāĻŋāϏ), āĻŦāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž, āĻĢā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϚāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āφāϘāĻžāϤāϜāύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϝāĻž āϚāϞāĻžāϚāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĨ¤Â 

āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻĒ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻž:

āϞāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš:
ā§§. āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻŦāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϤ⧀āĻŦā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻžāĨ¤
⧍. āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€āϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻŦāϞāϤāĻž āĨ¤
ā§Š. āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĨ¤
ā§Ē. āϚāϞāĻžāĻĢ⧇āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĨ¤
ā§Ģ. āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻĢā§‹āϞāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĨ¤Â 

Orthopedic Disease āĻāϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāϤāϏāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ•āϰāύāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋ?

āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻĒ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ• āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϜ āĻŦāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ“ āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻļāĻ• āĻ”āώāϧ, āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ, āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύāϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ (āĻ“āϜāύ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ, āĻĒ⧁āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ) āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĨ¤Â āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟ, āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻŦāĻž āχāύāĻœā§‡āĻ•āĻļāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĨ¤ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧋āĻĒāĻŋ, āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞ⧇āϏāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻžāχāύ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϰāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĨ¤Â 

āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻĒ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻŖā§€āϝāĻŧ:

  • āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ: āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻĒ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāϕ⧇āϰ (Orthopedic Doctor) āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻ“ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĨ¤
  • āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻž: āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāĻš āĻ“ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ NSAIDs (āύāύ-āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋ-āχāύāĻĢā§āϞ⧇āĻŽā§‡āϟāϰāĻŋ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāĻ—āϏ), āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ, āĻ­āĻŋāϟāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ āĻĄāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ āϏ⧇āĻŦāύ āĨ¤
  • āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ: āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋāϤāĻž, āύāĻŽāύ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€āϰ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĢāĻŋāϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĨ⧇āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻŋ, āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āϚāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϞ⧋-āχāĻŽāĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϟ āĻāĻ•ā§āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻžāχāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĨ¤
  • āĻœā§€āĻŦāύāϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ: āĻ“āϜāύ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž, āĻĒāĻŋāĻ  āĻŦāĻž āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϚāĻžāĻĒ āύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻžāϚāϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋ (Posture) āĻŦāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āĨ¤
  • āϏāĻžāĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ­ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāϏ: āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟāϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻ“ āϏ⧁āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟ (Cast), āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϟ (Splint), āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāϚ āĻŦāĻž āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĨ¤
  • āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϜāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž: āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻ“āώ⧁āϧ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āύāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϰ⧋āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧋āĻĒāĻŋ (āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋ āχāύāϭ⧇āϏāĻŋāĻ­ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϰāĻŋ), āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞ⧇āϏāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ (āĻšāĻŋāĻĒ āĻŦāĻž āĻšāĻžāρāϟ⧁) āĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§‡āϰ⧁āĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧋āĻĒāϚāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĨ¤Â 

āĻā§āρāĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤ⧇ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϤāĻž:
āĻ­āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āϤ⧋āϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž, āϖ⧇āϞāĻžāϧ⧁āϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧁āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ•āĻŦāϚ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻĒ⧁āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āϰ āĻ“ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϰ⧋āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡Â āĨ¤

Orthopedic Disease āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ ?

āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻĒ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧋āĻ— āĻŦāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ, āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§€āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āϧāĻ•ā§āϝāϜāύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•ā§āώāϝāĻŧ (Degenerative conditions), āĻļāĻžāϰ⧀āϰāĻŋāĻ• āφāϘāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϘāϟāύāĻž (Trauma/Injury), āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻā§€ āϭ⧁āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϚāĻžāĻĒ (Overuse), āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻĒ⧁āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĨ¤ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ, āϰ⧋āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž (Autoimmune), āĻšāϰāĻŽā§‹āύ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝāĻšā§€āύāϤāĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ“ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϰ⧋āĻ— āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĨ¤Â 

āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻĒ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš:

  • āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ āĻ“ āĻ•ā§āώāϝāĻŧāϜāύāĻŋāϤ (Wear and Tear): āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϘāύāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž (Osteoporosis) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāϞ⧇āϜ āĻ•ā§āώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϰ⧋āĻ—, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ- āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ“āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϰāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāϏ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ
  • āφāϘāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϘāϟāύāĻž (Injury/Trauma): āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž, āϏāĻĄāĻŧāĻ• āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϘāϟāύāĻž, āĻŦāĻž āϖ⧇āϞāĻžāϧ⧁āϞāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āĻž (Fractures), āϞāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻ›āĻŋāρāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻšā§āϝ⧁āϤ (Dislocation) āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĨ¤
  • āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āϭ⧁āϞ āĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋ (Overuse/Bad Posture): āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻž, āĻ­āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ“āϜāύ āϤ⧋āϞāĻž āĻŦāĻž repetitive motion-āĻāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāύāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāϏ (Tendonitis) āĻ“ āĻĒāĻŋāϠ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ ]āĨ¤
  • āĻŽā§‡āϟāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āĻšāϰāĻŽā§‹āύāϜāύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ: āύāĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āύ⧋āĻĒāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰ āχāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧋āĻœā§‡āύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŽā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻŋāϟāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ āĻĄāĻŋ-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϝāĻŧ āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĨ¤
  • āĻ…āĻŸā§‹āχāĻŽāĻŋāωāύ āϰ⧋āĻ—: āϰāĻŋāωāĻŽāĻžāϟāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻĄ āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϰāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āϰ⧋āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āϭ⧁āϞāĻŦāĻļāϤ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĨ¤
  • āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ (Infection): āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āχāύāĻĢ⧇āĻ•āĻļāύ āĨ¤Â 

āĻā§āρāĻ•āĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ:

  • āϧ⧂āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϕ⧋āĻšāϞ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĨ¤
  • āϏāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϞāϏ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύāϝāĻžāĻĒāύ āĨ¤
  • āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ• āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āĨ¤Â 

āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϰ⧋āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ⧇ āϏ⧁āώāĻŽ āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ, āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϜāϰ⧁āϰāĻŋ

Arthritis & Management for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

Based on the provided search results, the main topics for Arthritis & Management revolve around understanding the various types, the underlying causes, and comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment strategies. Key areas include: 

1. Types of Arthritis

  • Osteoarthritis (OA): A degenerative joint disease caused by cartilage breakdown.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks joints.
  • Spondyloarthritis: Including Psoriatic Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis.
  • Crystal Arthritis: Gout and Pseudogout.
  • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Arthritis in children.
  • Other: Infectious/septic arthritis and reactive arthritis. 

2. Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  • Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling, warmth, stiffness (especially in the morning), and reduced range of motion.
  • Systemic Effects: Fatigue, fever, weight loss, and skin rashes.
  • Causes/Risk Factors: Aging, genetics, joint injuries, obesity, and gender.
  • Diagnostics: Laboratory tests (bloodwork for inflammation/autoantibodies) and imaging (X-rays, MRI). 

3. Management and Treatment (Multidisciplinary Approach)

  • Medical Management: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, and Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) for RA.
  • Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve strength, joint mobility, and cardiovascular function.
  • Occupational Therapy: Energy conservation techniques, joint protection, and assistive devices.
  • Surgery: Joint replacement for advanced, severe cases.
  • Pain Management: Heat/cold therapy, splinting, and in some cases, nerve stimulation. 

4. Lifestyle and Self-Management

  • Weight Control: Essential for reducing stress on weight-bearing joints (knee, hip).
  • Exercise: Low-impact, water-based exercises to maintain mobility.
  • Diet: Anti-inflammatory diets, including Mediterranean, fish oil, and proper hydration.
  • Sleep Hygiene: Managing fatigue through improved sleep, as poor sleep aggravates pain.
  • Stress Reduction: Techniques to manage chronic pain, such as mindfulness. 

5. Specialized Topics

  • Psychosocial Impact: Dealing with anxiety, depression, and lifestyle changes.
  • Economic Burden: Healthcare costs and work disability.
  • Pregnancy and Arthritis: Managing medications and joint issues during pregnancy. 

Neuropathic Pain & Management for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

Based on the provided search results, the main topics for the subject of

Neuropathic Pain & Management can be categorized into foundational knowledge, assessment, and treatment strategies (pharmacological and non-pharmacological). 

1. Introduction and Definitions 

  • Definition of Neuropathic Pain: Pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system.
  • Types: Peripheral (e.g., nerve compression, diabetic neuropathy) vs. Central (e.g., post-stroke, spinal cord injury).
  • Epidemiology & Impact: Prevalence, impact on quality of life, and economic burden.
  • Characteristics: Burning, stabbing, electric shock-like sensations, allodynia (pain from non-painful stimuli), and hyperalgesia (increased pain response). 

2. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms 

  • Peripheral Mechanisms: Ectopic firing, peripheral sensitization.
  • Central Mechanisms: Central sensitization, neuroinflammation, alteration of descending pain pathways.
  • Neurobiology: Role of ion channels (e.g., voltage-dependent calcium channels) and neurotransmitters. 

3. Assessment and Diagnosis 

  • Clinical Evaluation: Patient history, physical examination, and pain mapping.
  • Screening Tools: DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique 4), LANSS (Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs), NPQ (Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire).
  • Diagnostic Tools: Electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction studies (NCS), MRI, and skin biopsy (for small-fiber neuropathy). 

4. Pharmacological Management (Treatment Guidelines) 

  • First-Line Treatments:
    • Gabapentinoids: Gabapentin and Pregabalin (Calcium channel 19643139 04ff 4cff a2d2 f7c53da6af1eÎą2δalpha 2 deltađ›ŧ2đ›ŋ ligands).
    • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Amitriptyline, nortriptyline.
    • SNRIs: Duloxetine, venlafaxine.
  • Second-Line Treatments: Topical lidocaine, topical capsaicin, tramadol.
  • Third-Line/Refractory Treatments: Strong opioids (morphine, oxycodone), botulinum toxin A, ketamine. 

5. Non-Pharmacological Management 

  • Interventional Techniques: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), peripheral nerve blocks.
  • Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation: TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation), therapeutic exercise, massage.
  • Psychological Support: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to manage distress and chronic pain behaviors.
  • Multidisciplinary Approach: Holistic care combining pharmacological, physical, and psychological interventions. 

6. Special Considerations 

  • Management in Elderly Patients: Dosage adjustments and side effect management.
  • Common Causes: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, chemotherapy-induced, spinal surgery.
  • Preclinical Research: Emerging targets like neuroinflammation inhibitors (metformin, statins) and natural compounds (cannabis derivatives). 

Exercise therapy-1 for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

Exercise therapy is a core subject in physiotherapy that involves the systematic application of movement and physical activity to prevent, treat, or rehabilitate physical impairments. The subject is generally divided into foundational principles, active/passive techniques, and specific rehabilitative applications.

image 14

Here are the main topics covered in a comprehensive Exercise Therapy curriculum: 

1. Fundamentals of Exercise Therapy

  • Definitions & Scope: Purposeful physical activity for health, pain reduction, and functional improvement.
  • Basic Principles: Overload, specificity, reversibility, adaptation, and progression.
  • Biomechanical Principles: Axes and planes of movement, center of gravity, line of gravity, equilibrium, and levers.
  • Types of Muscle Work: Isometric (static), Isotonic (concentric/eccentric), and Isokinetic contractions.
  • Starting Positions: Fundamental positions (standing, sitting, kneeling, lying, hanging) and their derived positions. 

2. Therapeutic Exercise Techniques (Active & Passive)

  • Range of Motion (ROM) Exercises: Passive (PROM), Active-Assisted (AAROM), and Active-Free (AROM) movements.
  • Resisted Exercises: Principles of strengthening, muscle re-education, manual resistance, and mechanical resistance.
  • Stretching: Techniques for increasing muscle flexibility and joint mobility.
  • Joint Mobilization: Principles of peripheral joint mobilization, concave-convex rule, and Maitland techniques.
  • Suspension Therapy: Types of suspension, principles, and uses for muscle strengthening and mobilization.
  • Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF): Diagonal patterns, stretch reflex, and techniques for enhancing neuromuscular control. 

3. Functional and Specialized Training

  • Balance & Coordination Exercises: Static and dynamic balance training, Vestibular rehab, and Frenkel’s exercises.
  • Gait Training: Analysis of normal vs. abnormal gait, 2-point, 3-point, and 4-point gait, and training with walking aids (crutches, walkers).
  • Breathing Exercises: Respiratory physiology, techniques for increasing lung capacity, and postural drainage.
  • Posture & Relaxation: Postural re-education, and relaxation techniques (Jacobson’s, Mitchell’s).
  • Hydrotherapy: Principles of aquatic exercise, safety, and therapeutic uses. 

4. Evaluation and Assessment

  • Manual Muscle Testing (MMT): Grading muscle strength (MRC grading).
  • Goniometry: Measuring joint range of motion.
  • Anthropometric Measurements: Measuring limb length and girth.
  • Functional Assessment: Assessing mobility, daily activities, and movement patterns. 

5. Clinical Application and Rehabilitation

  • Rehabilitation Phases: Activation, tissue healing, stabilization, and functional training.
  • Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: Exercises for fractures, ligament injuries, and joint replacements.
  • Neurological Rehabilitation: Exercises for stroke, spinal cord injury, and neuromuscular disorders.
  • Sports Rehabilitation: Return-to-sport protocols, Plyometrics, and injury prevention. 

Recommended Reference Textbooks

  • Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques by Carolyn Kisner & Lynn Allen Colby.
  • Principles of Exercise Therapy by M. Dena Gardiner.
  • Practical Exercise Therapy by Margaret Hollis.
  • Muscle Testing and Function by Kendall.
  • Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry by Norkin & White. 

Electro therapy-1 for Physiotherapist Best Course in Dhaka

Electrotherapy is a physiotherapeutic treatment using electrical energy to stimulate nerves and muscles, primarily for pain relief, muscle rehabilitation, reducing swelling, and improving circulation. Common methods like TENS and NMES use surface electrodes to manage conditions like chronic pain, arthritis, and muscle atrophy. It is a safe, non-invasive, evidence-based modality used to complement, not replace, active rehabilitation. 

image 16

Key Types and Applications

Benefits of Electrotherapy

  • Pain Relief: Effective for musculoskeletal pain, including back pain, neck pain, and tendonitis.
  • Muscle Stimulation: Assists in regaining function after injury or surgery by preventing muscle waste.
  • Reduced Swelling: Encourages lymphatic flow and reduces edema.
  • Enhanced Healing: Improves blood circulation to injured tissues. 

Considerations
While generally safe, electrotherapy should be used carefully on patients with pacemakers, epilepsy, or over areas of skin irritation. It is most effective when combined with active exercises. Note: This is distinct from Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), which is a psychiatric treatment. 

HRTD Medical Institute

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